page_alloc.c

/*
 *  linux/mm/page_alloc.c
 *
 *  Manages the free list, the system allocates free pages here.
 *  Note that kmalloc() lives in slab.c
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994  Linus Torvalds
 *  Swap reorganised 29.12.95, Stephen Tweedie
 *  Support of BIGMEM added by Gerhard Wichert, Siemens AG, July 1999
 *  Reshaped it to be a zoned allocator, Ingo Molnar, Red Hat, 1999
 *  Discontiguous memory support, Kanoj Sarcar, SGI, Nov 1999
 *  Zone balancing, Kanoj Sarcar, SGI, Jan 2000
 *  Per cpu hot/cold page lists, bulk allocation, Martin J. Bligh, Sept 2002
 *          (lots of bits borrowed from Ingo Molnar & Andrew Morton)
 */

#include <linux/stddef.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/swap.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/bootmem.h>
#include <linux/compiler.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/suspend.h>
#include <linux/pagevec.h>
#include <linux/blkdev.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/notifier.h>
#include <linux/topology.h>
#include <linux/sysctl.h>
#include <linux/cpu.h>
#include <linux/cpuset.h>
#include <linux/memory_hotplug.h>
#include <linux/nodemask.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include <linux/mempolicy.h>
#include <linux/stop_machine.h>
#include <linux/sort.h>
#include <linux/pfn.h>
#include <linux/backing-dev.h>
#include <linux/fault-inject.h>

#include <asm/tlbflush.h>
#include <asm/div64.h>
#include "internal.h"

/*
 * MCD - HACK: Find somewhere to initialize this EARLY, or make this
 * initializer cleaner
 */
nodemask_t node_online_map __read_mostly = { { [0] = 1UL } };
EXPORT_SYMBOL(node_online_map);
nodemask_t node_possible_map __read_mostly = NODE_MASK_ALL;
EXPORT_SYMBOL(node_possible_map);
unsigned long totalram_pages __read_mostly;
unsigned long totalreserve_pages __read_mostly;
long nr_swap_pages;
int percpu_pagelist_fraction;

static void __free_pages_ok(struct page *page, unsigned int order);

/*
 * results with 256, 32 in the lowmem_reserve sysctl:
 *	1G machine -> (16M dma, 800M-16M normal, 1G-800M high)
 *	1G machine -> (16M dma, 784M normal, 224M high)
 *	NORMAL allocation will leave 784M/256 of ram reserved in the ZONE_DMA
 *	HIGHMEM allocation will leave 224M/32 of ram reserved in ZONE_NORMAL
 *	HIGHMEM allocation will (224M+784M)/256 of ram reserved in ZONE_DMA
 *
 * TBD: should special case ZONE_DMA32 machines here - in those we normally
 * don't need any ZONE_NORMAL reservation
 */
int sysctl_lowmem_reserve_ratio[MAX_NR_ZONES-1] = {
#ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
	 256,
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32
	 256,
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
	 32
#endif
};

EXPORT_SYMBOL(totalram_pages);

static char * const zone_names[MAX_NR_ZONES] = {
#ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
	 "DMA",
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32
	 "DMA32",
#endif
	 "Normal",
#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
	 "HighMem"
#endif
};

int min_free_kbytes = 1024;

unsigned long __meminitdata nr_kernel_pages;
unsigned long __meminitdata nr_all_pages;
static unsigned long __initdata dma_reserve;

#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_POPULATES_NODE_MAP
  /*
   * MAX_ACTIVE_REGIONS determines the maxmimum number of distinct
   * ranges of memory (RAM) that may be registered with add_active_range().
   * Ranges passed to add_active_range() will be merged if possible
   * so the number of times add_active_range() can be called is
   * related to the number of nodes and the number of holes
   */
  #ifdef CONFIG_MAX_ACTIVE_REGIONS
    /* Allow an architecture to set MAX_ACTIVE_REGIONS to save memory */
    #define MAX_ACTIVE_REGIONS CONFIG_MAX_ACTIVE_REGIONS
  #else
    #if MAX_NUMNODES >= 32
      /* If there can be many nodes, allow up to 50 holes per node */
      #define MAX_ACTIVE_REGIONS (MAX_NUMNODES*50)
    #else
      /* By default, allow up to 256 distinct regions */
      #define MAX_ACTIVE_REGIONS 256
    #endif
  #endif

  struct node_active_region __initdata early_node_map[MAX_ACTIVE_REGIONS];
  int __initdata nr_nodemap_entries;
  unsigned long __initdata arch_zone_lowest_possible_pfn[MAX_NR_ZONES];
  unsigned long __initdata arch_zone_highest_possible_pfn[MAX_NR_ZONES];
#ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG_RESERVE
  unsigned long __initdata node_boundary_start_pfn[MAX_NUMNODES];
  unsigned long __initdata node_boundary_end_pfn[MAX_NUMNODES];
#endif /* CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG_RESERVE */
#endif /* CONFIG_ARCH_POPULATES_NODE_MAP */

#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_VM
static int page_outside_zone_boundaries(struct zone *zone, struct page *page)
{
	int ret = 0;
	unsigned seq;
	unsigned long pfn = page_to_pfn(page);

	do {
		seq = zone_span_seqbegin(zone);
		if (pfn >= zone->zone_start_pfn + zone->spanned_pages)
			ret = 1;
		else if (pfn < zone->zone_start_pfn)
			ret = 1;
	} while (zone_span_seqretry(zone, seq));

	return ret;
}

static int page_is_consistent(struct zone *zone, struct page *page)
{
	if (!pfn_valid_within(page_to_pfn(page)))
		return 0;
	if (zone != page_zone(page))
		return 0;

	return 1;
}
/*
 * Temporary debugging check for pages not lying within a given zone.
 */
static int bad_range(struct zone *zone, struct page *page)
{
	if (page_outside_zone_boundaries(zone, page))
		return 1;
	if (!page_is_consistent(zone, page))
		return 1;

	return 0;
}
#else
static inline int bad_range(struct zone *zone, struct page *page)
{
	return 0;
}
#endif

static void bad_page(struct page *page)
{
	printk(KERN_EMERG "Bad page state in process '%s'\n"
		KERN_EMERG "page:%p flags:0x%0*lx mapping:%p mapcount:%d count:%d\n"
		KERN_EMERG "Trying to fix it up, but a reboot is needed\n"
		KERN_EMERG "Backtrace:\n",
		current->comm, page, (int)(2*sizeof(unsigned long)),
		(unsigned long)page->flags, page->mapping,
		page_mapcount(page), page_count(page));
	dump_stack();
	page->flags &= ~(1 << PG_lru	|
			1 << PG_private |
			1 << PG_locked	|
			1 << PG_active	|
			1 << PG_dirty	|
			1 << PG_reclaim |
			1 << PG_slab    |
			1 << PG_swapcache |
			1 << PG_writeback |
			1 << PG_buddy );
	set_page_count(page, 0);
	reset_page_mapcount(page);
	page->mapping = NULL;
	add_taint(TAINT_BAD_PAGE);
}

/*
 * Higher-order pages are called "compound pages".  They are structured thusly:
 *
 * The first PAGE_SIZE page is called the "head page".
 *
 * The remaining PAGE_SIZE pages are called "tail pages".
 *
 * All pages have PG_compound set.  All pages have their ->private pointing at
 * the head page (even the head page has this).
 *
 * The first tail page's ->lru.next holds the address of the compound page's
 * put_page() function.  Its ->lru.prev holds the order of allocation.
 * This usage means that zero-order pages may not be compound.
 */

static void free_compound_page(struct page *page)
{
	__free_pages_ok(page, compound_order(page));
}

static void prep_compound_page(struct page *page, unsigned long order)
{
	int i;
	int nr_pages = 1 << order;

	set_compound_page_dtor(page, free_compound_page);
	set_compound_order(page, order);
	__SetPageHead(page);
	for (i = 1; i < nr_pages; i++) {
		struct page *p = page + i;

		__SetPageTail(p);
		p->first_page = page;
	}
}

static void destroy_compound_page(struct page *page, unsigned long order)
{
	int i;
	int nr_pages = 1 << order;

	if (unlikely(compound_order(page) != order))
		bad_page(page);

	if (unlikely(!PageHead(page)))
			bad_page(page);
	__ClearPageHead(page);
	for (i = 1; i < nr_pages; i++) {
		struct page *p = page + i;

		if (unlikely(!PageTail(p) |
				(p->first_page != page)))
			bad_page(page);
		__ClearPageTail(p);
	}
}

static inline void prep_zero_page(struct page *page, int order, gfp_t gfp_flags)
{
	int i;

	VM_BUG_ON((gfp_flags & (__GFP_WAIT | __GFP_HIGHMEM)) == __GFP_HIGHMEM);
	/*
	 * clear_highpage() will use KM_USER0, so it's a bug to use __GFP_ZERO
	 * and __GFP_HIGHMEM from hard or soft interrupt context.
	 */
	VM_BUG_ON((gfp_flags & __GFP_HIGHMEM) && in_interrupt());
	for (i = 0; i < (1 << order); i++)
		clear_highpage(page + i);
}

/*
 * function for dealing with page's order in buddy system.
 * zone->lock is already acquired when we use these.
 * So, we don't need atomic page->flags operations here.
 */
static inline unsigned long page_order(struct page *page)
{
	return page_private(page);
}

static inline void set_page_order(struct page *page, int order)
{
	set_page_private(page, order);
	__SetPageBuddy(page);
}

static inline void rmv_page_order(struct page *page)
{
	__ClearPageBuddy(page);
	set_page_private(page, 0);
}

/*
 * Locate the struct page for both the matching buddy in our
 * pair (buddy1) and the combined O(n+1) page they form (page).
 *
 * 1) Any buddy B1 will have an order O twin B2 which satisfies
 * the following equation:
 *     B2 = B1 ^ (1 << O)
 * For example, if the starting buddy (buddy2) is #8 its order
 * 1 buddy is #10:
 *     B2 = 8 ^ (1 << 1) = 8 ^ 2 = 10
 *
 * 2) Any buddy B will have an order O+1 parent P which
 * satisfies the following equation:
 *     P = B & ~(1 << O)
 *
 * Assumption: *_mem_map is contiguous at least up to MAX_ORDER
 */
static inline struct page *
__page_find_buddy(struct page *page, unsigned long page_idx, unsigned int order)
{
	unsigned long buddy_idx = page_idx ^ (1 << order);

	return page + (buddy_idx - page_idx);
}

static inline unsigned long
__find_combined_index(unsigned long page_idx, unsigned int order)
{
	return (page_idx & ~(1 << order));
}

/*
 * This function checks whether a page is free && is the buddy
 * we can do coalesce a page and its buddy if
 * (a) the buddy is not in a hole &&
 * (b) the buddy is in the buddy system &&
 * (c) a page and its buddy have the same order &&
 * (d) a page and its buddy are in the same zone.
 *
 * For recording whether a page is in the buddy system, we use PG_buddy.
 * Setting, clearing, and testing PG_buddy is serialized by zone->lock.
 *
 * For recording page's order, we use page_private(page).
 */
static inline int page_is_buddy(struct page *page, struct page *buddy,
								int order)
{
	if (!pfn_valid_within(page_to_pfn(buddy)))
		return 0;

	if (page_zone_id(page) != page_zone_id(buddy))
		return 0;

	if (PageBuddy(buddy) && page_order(buddy) == order) {
		BUG_ON(page_count(buddy) != 0);
		return 1;
	}
	return 0;
}

/*
 * Freeing function for a buddy system allocator.
 *
 * The concept of a buddy system is to maintain direct-mapped table
 * (containing bit values) for memory blocks of various "orders".
 * The bottom level table contains the map for the smallest allocatable
 * units of memory (here, pages), and each level above it describes
 * pairs of units from the levels below, hence, "buddies".
 * At a high level, all that happens here is marking the table entry
 * at the bottom level available, and propagating the changes upward
 * as necessary, plus some accounting needed to play nicely with other
 * parts of the VM system.
 * At each level, we keep a list of pages, which are heads of continuous
 * free pages of length of (1 << order) and marked with PG_buddy. Page's
 * order is recorded in page_private(page) field.
 * So when we are allocating or freeing one, we can derive the state of the
 * other.  That is, if we allocate a small block, and both were   
 * free, the remainder of the region must be split into blocks.   
 * If a block is freed, and its buddy is also free, then this
 * triggers coalescing into a block of larger size.            
 *
 * -- wli
 */

static inline void __free_one_page(struct page *page,
		struct zone *zone, unsigned int order)
{
	unsigned long page_idx;
	int order_size = 1 << order;

	if (unlikely(PageCompound(page)))
		destroy_compound_page(page, order);

	page_idx = page_to_pfn(page) & ((1 << MAX_ORDER) - 1);

	VM_BUG_ON(page_idx & (order_size - 1));
	VM_BUG_ON(bad_range(zone, page));

	__mod_zone_page_state(zone, NR_FREE_PAGES, order_size);
	while (order < MAX_ORDER-1) {
		unsigned long combined_idx;
		struct free_area *area;
		struct page *buddy;

		buddy = __page_find_buddy(page, page_idx, order);
		if (!page_is_buddy(page, buddy, order))
			break;		/* Move the buddy up one level. */

		list_del(&buddy->lru);
		area = zone->free_area + order;
		area->nr_free--;
		rmv_page_order(buddy);
		combined_idx = __find_combined_index(page_idx, order);
		page = page + (combined_idx - page_idx);
		page_idx = combined_idx;
		order++;
	}
	set_page_order(page, order);
	list_add(&page->lru, &zone->free_area[order].free_list);
	zone->free_area[order].nr_free++;
}

static inline int free_pages_check(struct page *page)
{
	if (unlikely(page_mapcount(page) |
		(page->mapping != NULL)  |
		(page_count(page) != 0)  |
		(page->flags & (
			1 << PG_lru	|
			1 << PG_private |
			1 << PG_locked	|
			1 << PG_active	|
			1 << PG_slab	|
			1 << PG_swapcache |
			1 << PG_writeback |
			1 << PG_reserved |
			1 << PG_buddy ))))
		bad_page(page);
	/*
	 * PageReclaim == PageTail. It is only an error
	 * for PageReclaim to be set if PageCompound is clear.
	 */
	if (unlikely(!PageCompound(page) && PageReclaim(page)))
		bad_page(page);
	if (PageDirty(page))
		__ClearPageDirty(page);
	/*
	 * For now, we report if PG_reserved was found set, but do not
	 * clear it, and do not free the page.  But we shall soon need
	 * to do more, for when the ZERO_PAGE count wraps negative.
	 */
	return PageReserved(page);
}

/*
 * Frees a list of pages. 
 * Assumes all pages on list are in same zone, and of same order.
 * count is the number of pages to free.
 *
 * If the zone was previously in an "all pages pinned" state then look to
 * see if this freeing clears that state.
 *
 * And clear the zone's pages_scanned counter, to hold off the "all pages are
 * pinned" detection logic.
 */
static void free_pages_bulk(struct zone *zone, int count,
					struct list_head *list, int order)
{
	spin_lock(&zone->lock);
	zone->all_unreclaimable = 0;
	zone->pages_scanned = 0;
	while (count--) {
		struct page *page;

		VM_BUG_ON(list_empty(list));
		page = list_entry(list->prev, struct page, lru);
		/* have to delete it as __free_one_page list manipulates */
		list_del(&page->lru);
		__free_one_page(page, zone, order);
	}
	spin_unlock(&zone->lock);
}

static void free_one_page(struct zone *zone, struct page *page, int order)
{
	spin_lock(&zone->lock);
	zone->all_unreclaimable = 0;
	zone->pages_scanned = 0;
	__free_one_page(page, zone, order);
	spin_unlock(&zone->lock);
}

static void __free_pages_ok(struct page *page, unsigned int order)
{
	unsigned long flags;
	int i;
	int reserved = 0;

	for (i = 0 ; i < (1 << order) ; ++i)
		reserved += free_pages_check(page + i);
	if (reserved)
		return;

	if (!PageHighMem(page))
		debug_check_no_locks_freed(page_address(page),PAGE_SIZE<<order);
	arch_free_page(page, order);
	kernel_map_pages(page, 1 << order, 0);

	local_irq_save(flags);
	__count_vm_events(PGFREE, 1 << order);
	free_one_page(page_zone(page), page, order);
	local_irq_restore(flags);
}

/*
 * permit the bootmem allocator to evade page validation on high-order frees
 */
void fastcall __init __free_pages_bootmem(struct page *page, unsigned int order)
{
	if (order == 0) {
		__ClearPageReserved(page);
		set_page_count(page, 0);
		set_page_refcounted(page);
		__free_page(page);
	} else {
		int loop;

		prefetchw(page);
		for (loop = 0; loop < BITS_PER_LONG; loop++) {
			struct page *p = &page[loop];

			if (loop + 1 < BITS_PER_LONG)
				prefetchw(p + 1);
			__ClearPageReserved(p);
			set_page_count(p, 0);
		}

		set_page_refcounted(page);
		__free_pages(page, order);
	}
}


/*
 * The order of subdivision here is critical for the IO subsystem.
 * Please do not alter this order without good reasons and regression
 * testing. Specifically, as large blocks of memory are subdivided,
 * the order in which smaller blocks are delivered depends on the order
 * they're subdivided in this function. This is the primary factor
 * influencing the order in which pages are delivered to the IO
 * subsystem according to empirical testing, and this is also justified
 * by considering the behavior of a buddy system containing a single
 * large block of memory acted on by a series of small allocations.
 * This behavior is a critical factor in sglist merging's success.
 *
 * -- wli
 */
static inline void expand(struct zone *zone, struct page *page,
 	int low, int high, struct free_area *area)
{
	unsigned long size = 1 << high;

	while (high > low) {
		area--;
		high--;
		size >>= 1;
		VM_BUG_ON(bad_range(zone, &page[size]));
		list_add(&page[size].lru, &area->free_list);
		area->nr_free++;
		set_page_order(&page[size], high);
	}
}

/*
 * This page is about to be returned from the page allocator
 */
static int prep_new_page(struct page *page, int order, gfp_t gfp_flags)
{
	if (unlikely(page_mapcount(page) |
		(page->mapping != NULL)  |
		(page_count(page) != 0)  |
		(page->flags & (
			1 << PG_lru	|
			1 << PG_private	|
			1 << PG_locked	|
			1 << PG_active	|
			1 << PG_dirty	|
			1 << PG_reclaim	|
			1 << PG_slab    |
			1 << PG_swapcache |
			1 << PG_writeback |
			1 << PG_reserved |
			1 << PG_buddy ))))
		bad_page(page);

	/*
	 * For now, we report if PG_reserved was found set, but do not
	 * clear it, and do not allocate the page: as a safety net.
	 */
	if (PageReserved(page))
		return 1;

	page->flags &= ~(1 << PG_uptodate | 1 << PG_error |
			1 << PG_referenced | 1 << PG_arch_1 |
			1 << PG_owner_priv_1 | 1 << PG_mappedtodisk);
	set_page_private(page, 0);
	set_page_refcounted(page);

	arch_alloc_page(page, order);
	kernel_map_pages(page, 1 << order, 1);

	if (gfp_flags & __GFP_ZERO)
		prep_zero_page(page, order, gfp_flags);

	if (order && (gfp_flags & __GFP_COMP))
		prep_compound_page(page, order);

	return 0;
}

/* 
 * Do the hard work of removing an element from the buddy allocator.
 * Call me with the zone->lock already held.
 */
static struct page *__rmqueue(struct zone *zone, unsigned int order)
{
	struct free_area * area;
	unsigned int current_order;
	struct page *page;

	for (current_order = order; current_order < MAX_ORDER; ++current_order) {
		area = zone->free_area + current_order;
		if (list_empty(&area->free_list))
			continue;

		page = list_entry(area->free_list.next, struct page, lru);
		list_del(&page->lru);
		rmv_page_order(page);
		area->nr_free--;
		__mod_zone_page_state(zone, NR_FREE_PAGES, - (1UL << order));
		expand(zone, page, order, current_order, area);
		return page;
	}

	return NULL;
}

/* 
 * Obtain a specified number of elements from the buddy allocator, all under
 * a single hold of the lock, for efficiency.  Add them to the supplied list.
 * Returns the number of new pages which were placed at *list.
 */
static int rmqueue_bulk(struct zone *zone, unsigned int order, 
			unsigned long count, struct list_head *list)
{
	int i;
	
	spin_lock(&zone->lock);
	for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
		struct page *page = __rmqueue(zone, order);
		if (unlikely(page == NULL))
			break;
		list_add_tail(&page->lru, list);
	}
	spin_unlock(&zone->lock);
	return i;
}

#if MAX_NUMNODES > 1
int nr_node_ids __read_mostly = MAX_NUMNODES;
EXPORT_SYMBOL(nr_node_ids);

/*
 * Figure out the number of possible node ids.
 */
static void __init setup_nr_node_ids(void)
{
	unsigned int node;
	unsigned int highest = 0;

	for_each_node_mask(node, node_possible_map)
		highest = node;
	nr_node_ids = highest + 1;
}
#else
static void __init setup_nr_node_ids(void) {}
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
/*
 * Called from the slab reaper to drain pagesets on a particular node that
 * belongs to the currently executing processor.
 * Note that this function must be called with the thread pinned to
 * a single processor.
 */
void drain_node_pages(int nodeid)
{
	int i;
	enum zone_type z;
	unsigned long flags;

	for (z = 0; z < MAX_NR_ZONES; z++) {
		struct zone *zone = NODE_DATA(nodeid)->node_zones + z;
		struct per_cpu_pageset *pset;

		if (!populated_zone(zone))
			continue;

		pset = zone_pcp(zone, smp_processor_id());
		for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(pset->pcp); i++) {
			struct per_cpu_pages *pcp;

			pcp = &pset->pcp[i];
			if (pcp->count) {
				int to_drain;

				local_irq_save(flags);
				if (pcp->count >= pcp->batch)
					to_drain = pcp->batch;
				else
					to_drain = pcp->count;
				free_pages_bulk(zone, to_drain, &pcp->list, 0);
				pcp->count -= to_drain;
				local_irq_restore(flags);
			}
		}
	}
}
#endif

static void __drain_pages(unsigned int cpu)
{
	unsigned long flags;
	struct zone *zone;
	int i;

	for_each_zone(zone) {
		struct per_cpu_pageset *pset;

		if (!populated_zone(zone))
			continue;

		pset = zone_pcp(zone, cpu);
		for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(pset->pcp); i++) {
			struct per_cpu_pages *pcp;

			pcp = &pset->pcp[i];
			local_irq_save(flags);
			free_pages_bulk(zone, pcp->count, &pcp->list, 0);
			pcp->count = 0;
			local_irq_restore(flags);
		}
	}
}

#ifdef CONFIG_PM

void mark_free_pages(struct zone *zone)
{
	unsigned long pfn, max_zone_pfn;
	unsigned long flags;
	int order;
	struct list_head *curr;

	if (!zone->spanned_pages)
		return;

	spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);

	max_zone_pfn = zone->zone_start_pfn + zone->spanned_pages;
	for (pfn = zone->zone_start_pfn; pfn < max_zone_pfn; pfn++)
		if (pfn_valid(pfn)) {
			struct page *page = pfn_to_page(pfn);

			if (!swsusp_page_is_forbidden(page))
				swsusp_unset_page_free(page);
		}

	for (order = MAX_ORDER - 1; order >= 0; --order)
		list_for_each(curr, &zone->free_area[order].free_list) {
			unsigned long i;

			pfn = page_to_pfn(list_entry(curr, struct page, lru));
			for (i = 0; i < (1UL << order); i++)
				swsusp_set_page_free(pfn_to_page(pfn + i));
		}

	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
}

/*
 * Spill all of this CPU's per-cpu pages back into the buddy allocator.
 */
void drain_local_pages(void)
{
	unsigned long flags;

	local_irq_save(flags);	
	__drain_pages(smp_processor_id());
	local_irq_restore(flags);	
}
#endif /* CONFIG_PM */

/*
 * Free a 0-order page
 */
static void fastcall free_hot_cold_page(struct page *page, int cold)
{
	struct zone *zone = page_zone(page);
	struct per_cpu_pages *pcp;
	unsigned long flags;

	if (PageAnon(page))
		page->mapping = NULL;
	if (free_pages_check(page))
		return;

	if (!PageHighMem(page))
		debug_check_no_locks_freed(page_address(page), PAGE_SIZE);
	arch_free_page(page, 0);
	kernel_map_pages(page, 1, 0);

	pcp = &zone_pcp(zone, get_cpu())->pcp[cold];
	local_irq_save(flags);
	__count_vm_event(PGFREE);
	list_add(&page->lru, &pcp->list);
	pcp->count++;
	if (pcp->count >= pcp->high) {
		free_pages_bulk(zone, pcp->batch, &pcp->list, 0);
		pcp->count -= pcp->batch;
	}
	local_irq_restore(flags);
	put_cpu();
}

void fastcall free_hot_page(struct page *page)
{
	free_hot_cold_page(page, 0);
}
	
void fastcall free_cold_page(struct page *page)
{
	free_hot_cold_page(page, 1);
}

/*
 * split_page takes a non-compound higher-order page, and splits it into
 * n (1<<order) sub-pages: page[0..n]
 * Each sub-page must be freed individually.
 *
 * Note: this is probably too low level an operation for use in drivers.
 * Please consult with lkml before using this in your driver.
 */
void split_page(struct page *page, unsigned int order)
{
	int i;

	VM_BUG_ON(PageCompound(page));
	VM_BUG_ON(!page_count(page));
	for (i = 1; i < (1 << order); i++)
		set_page_refcounted(page + i);
}

/*
 * Really, prep_compound_page() should be called from __rmqueue_bulk().  But
 * we cheat by calling it from here, in the order > 0 path.  Saves a branch
 * or two.
 */
static struct page *buffered_rmqueue(struct zonelist *zonelist,
			struct zone *zone, int order, gfp_t gfp_flags)
{
	unsigned long flags;
	struct page *page;
	int cold = !!(gfp_flags & __GFP_COLD);
	int cpu;

again:
	cpu  = get_cpu();
	if (likely(order == 0)) {
		struct per_cpu_pages *pcp;

		pcp = &zone_pcp(zone, cpu)->pcp[cold];
		local_irq_save(flags);
		if (!pcp->count) {
			pcp->count = rmqueue_bulk(zone, 0,
						pcp->batch, &pcp->list);
			if (unlikely(!pcp->count))
				goto failed;
		}
		page = list_entry(pcp->list.next, struct page, lru);
		list_del(&page->lru);
		pcp->count--;
	} else {
		spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
		page = __rmqueue(zone, order);
		spin_unlock(&zone->lock);
		if (!page)
			goto failed;
	}

	__count_zone_vm_events(PGALLOC, zone, 1 << order);
	zone_statistics(zonelist, zone);
	local_irq_restore(flags);
	put_cpu();

	VM_BUG_ON(bad_range(zone, page));
	if (prep_new_page(page, order, gfp_flags))
		goto again;
	return page;

failed:
	local_irq_restore(flags);
	put_cpu();
	return NULL;
}

#define ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS	0x01 /* don't check watermarks at all */
#define ALLOC_WMARK_MIN		0x02 /* use pages_min watermark */
#define ALLOC_WMARK_LOW		0x04 /* use pages_low watermark */
#define ALLOC_WMARK_HIGH	0x08 /* use pages_high watermark */
#define ALLOC_HARDER		0x10 /* try to alloc harder */
#define ALLOC_HIGH		0x20 /* __GFP_HIGH set */
#define ALLOC_CPUSET		0x40 /* check for correct cpuset */

#ifdef CONFIG_FAIL_PAGE_ALLOC

static struct fail_page_alloc_attr {
	struct fault_attr attr;

	u32 ignore_gfp_highmem;
	u32 ignore_gfp_wait;

#ifdef CONFIG_FAULT_INJECTION_DEBUG_FS

	struct dentry *ignore_gfp_highmem_file;
	struct dentry *ignore_gfp_wait_file;

#endif /* CONFIG_FAULT_INJECTION_DEBUG_FS */

} fail_page_alloc = {
	.attr = FAULT_ATTR_INITIALIZER,
	.ignore_gfp_wait = 1,
	.ignore_gfp_highmem = 1,
};

static int __init setup_fail_page_alloc(char *str)
{
	return setup_fault_attr(&fail_page_alloc.attr, str);
}
__setup("fail_page_alloc=", setup_fail_page_alloc);

static int should_fail_alloc_page(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order)
{
	if (gfp_mask & __GFP_NOFAIL)
		return 0;
	if (fail_page_alloc.ignore_gfp_highmem && (gfp_mask & __GFP_HIGHMEM))
		return 0;
	if (fail_page_alloc.ignore_gfp_wait && (gfp_mask & __GFP_WAIT))
		return 0;

	return should_fail(&fail_page_alloc.attr, 1 << order);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_FAULT_INJECTION_DEBUG_FS

static int __init fail_page_alloc_debugfs(void)
{
	mode_t mode = S_IFREG | S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR;
	struct dentry *dir;
	int err;

	err = init_fault_attr_dentries(&fail_page_alloc.attr,
				       "fail_page_alloc");
	if (err)
		return err;
	dir = fail_page_alloc.attr.dentries.dir;

	fail_page_alloc.ignore_gfp_wait_file =
		debugfs_create_bool("ignore-gfp-wait", mode, dir,
				      &fail_page_alloc.ignore_gfp_wait);

	fail_page_alloc.ignore_gfp_highmem_file =
		debugfs_create_bool("ignore-gfp-highmem", mode, dir,
				      &fail_page_alloc.ignore_gfp_highmem);

	if (!fail_page_alloc.ignore_gfp_wait_file ||
			!fail_page_alloc.ignore_gfp_highmem_file) {
		err = -ENOMEM;
		debugfs_remove(fail_page_alloc.ignore_gfp_wait_file);
		debugfs_remove(fail_page_alloc.ignore_gfp_highmem_file);
		cleanup_fault_attr_dentries(&fail_page_alloc.attr);
	}

	return err;
}

late_initcall(fail_page_alloc_debugfs);