page_alloc.c

static inline bool should_suppress_show_mem(void)
{
	bool ret = false;

#if NODES_SHIFT > 8
	ret = in_interrupt();
#endif
	return ret;
}

static DEFINE_RATELIMIT_STATE(nopage_rs,
		DEFAULT_RATELIMIT_INTERVAL,
		DEFAULT_RATELIMIT_BURST);

void warn_alloc_failed(gfp_t gfp_mask, int order, const char *fmt, ...)
{
	unsigned int filter = SHOW_MEM_FILTER_NODES;

	if ((gfp_mask & __GFP_NOWARN) || !__ratelimit(&nopage_rs) ||
	    debug_guardpage_minorder() > 0)
		return;

	/*
	 * Walking all memory to count page types is very expensive and should
	 * be inhibited in non-blockable contexts.
	 */
	if (!(gfp_mask & __GFP_WAIT))
		filter |= SHOW_MEM_FILTER_PAGE_COUNT;

	/*
	 * This documents exceptions given to allocations in certain
	 * contexts that are allowed to allocate outside current's set
	 * of allowed nodes.
	 */
	if (!(gfp_mask & __GFP_NOMEMALLOC))
		if (test_thread_flag(TIF_MEMDIE) ||
		    (current->flags & (PF_MEMALLOC | PF_EXITING)))
			filter &= ~SHOW_MEM_FILTER_NODES;
	if (in_interrupt() || !(gfp_mask & __GFP_WAIT))
		filter &= ~SHOW_MEM_FILTER_NODES;

	if (fmt) {
		struct va_format vaf;
		va_list args;

		va_start(args, fmt);

		vaf.fmt = fmt;
		vaf.va = &args;

		pr_warn("%pV", &vaf);

		va_end(args);
	}

	pr_warn("%s: page allocation failure: order:%d, mode:0x%x\n",
		current->comm, order, gfp_mask);

	dump_stack();
	if (!should_suppress_show_mem())
		show_mem(filter);
}

static inline int
should_alloc_retry(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order,
				unsigned long did_some_progress,
				unsigned long pages_reclaimed)
{
	/* Do not loop if specifically requested */
	if (gfp_mask & __GFP_NORETRY)
		return 0;

	/* Always retry if specifically requested */
	if (gfp_mask & __GFP_NOFAIL)
		return 1;

	/*
	 * Suspend converts GFP_KERNEL to __GFP_WAIT which can prevent reclaim
	 * making forward progress without invoking OOM. Suspend also disables
	 * storage devices so kswapd will not help. Bail if we are suspending.
	 */
	if (!did_some_progress && pm_suspended_storage())
		return 0;

	/*
	 * In this implementation, order <= PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER
	 * means __GFP_NOFAIL, but that may not be true in other
	 * implementations.
	 */
	if (order <= PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER)
		return 1;

	/*
	 * For order > PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER, if __GFP_REPEAT is
	 * specified, then we retry until we no longer reclaim any pages
	 * (above), or we've reclaimed an order of pages at least as
	 * large as the allocation's order. In both cases, if the
	 * allocation still fails, we stop retrying.
	 */
	if (gfp_mask & __GFP_REPEAT && pages_reclaimed < (1 << order))
		return 1;

	return 0;
}

static inline struct page *
__alloc_pages_may_oom(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order,
	struct zonelist *zonelist, enum zone_type high_zoneidx,
	nodemask_t *nodemask, struct zone *preferred_zone,
	int migratetype)
{
	struct page *page;

	/* Acquire the OOM killer lock for the zones in zonelist */
	if (!try_set_zonelist_oom(zonelist, gfp_mask)) {
		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
		return NULL;
	}

	/*
	 * Go through the zonelist yet one more time, keep very high watermark
	 * here, this is only to catch a parallel oom killing, we must fail if
	 * we're still under heavy pressure.
	 */
	page = get_page_from_freelist(gfp_mask|__GFP_HARDWALL, nodemask,
		order, zonelist, high_zoneidx,
		ALLOC_WMARK_HIGH|ALLOC_CPUSET,
		preferred_zone, migratetype);
	if (page)
		goto out;

	if (!(gfp_mask & __GFP_NOFAIL)) {
		/* The OOM killer will not help higher order allocs */
		if (order > PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER)
			goto out;
		/* The OOM killer does not needlessly kill tasks for lowmem */
		if (high_zoneidx < ZONE_NORMAL)
			goto out;
		/*
		 * GFP_THISNODE contains __GFP_NORETRY and we never hit this.
		 * Sanity check for bare calls of __GFP_THISNODE, not real OOM.
		 * The caller should handle page allocation failure by itself if
		 * it specifies __GFP_THISNODE.
		 * Note: Hugepage uses it but will hit PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER.
		 */
		if (gfp_mask & __GFP_THISNODE)
			goto out;
	}
	/* Exhausted what can be done so it's blamo time */
	out_of_memory(zonelist, gfp_mask, order, nodemask, false);

out:
	clear_zonelist_oom(zonelist, gfp_mask);
	return page;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_COMPACTION
/* Try memory compaction for high-order allocations before reclaim */
static struct page *
__alloc_pages_direct_compact(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order,
	struct zonelist *zonelist, enum zone_type high_zoneidx,
	nodemask_t *nodemask, int alloc_flags, struct zone *preferred_zone,
	int migratetype, bool sync_migration,
	bool *contended_compaction, bool *deferred_compaction,
	unsigned long *did_some_progress)
{
	if (!order)
		return NULL;

	if (compaction_deferred(preferred_zone, order)) {
		*deferred_compaction = true;
		return NULL;
	}

	current->flags |= PF_MEMALLOC;
	*did_some_progress = try_to_compact_pages(zonelist, order, gfp_mask,
						nodemask, sync_migration,
						contended_compaction);
	current->flags &= ~PF_MEMALLOC;

	if (*did_some_progress != COMPACT_SKIPPED) {
		struct page *page;

		/* Page migration frees to the PCP lists but we want merging */
		drain_pages(get_cpu());
		put_cpu();

		page = get_page_from_freelist(gfp_mask, nodemask,
				order, zonelist, high_zoneidx,
				alloc_flags & ~ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS,
				preferred_zone, migratetype);
		if (page) {
			preferred_zone->compact_blockskip_flush = false;
			preferred_zone->compact_considered = 0;
			preferred_zone->compact_defer_shift = 0;
			if (order >= preferred_zone->compact_order_failed)
				preferred_zone->compact_order_failed = order + 1;
			count_vm_event(COMPACTSUCCESS);
			return page;
		}

		/*
		 * It's bad if compaction run occurs and fails.
		 * The most likely reason is that pages exist,
		 * but not enough to satisfy watermarks.
		 */
		count_vm_event(COMPACTFAIL);

		/*
		 * As async compaction considers a subset of pageblocks, only
		 * defer if the failure was a sync compaction failure.
		 */
		if (sync_migration)
			defer_compaction(preferred_zone, order);

		cond_resched();
	}

	return NULL;
}
#else
static inline struct page *
__alloc_pages_direct_compact(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order,
	struct zonelist *zonelist, enum zone_type high_zoneidx,
	nodemask_t *nodemask, int alloc_flags, struct zone *preferred_zone,
	int migratetype, bool sync_migration,
	bool *contended_compaction, bool *deferred_compaction,
	unsigned long *did_some_progress)
{
	return NULL;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_COMPACTION */

/* Perform direct synchronous page reclaim */
static int
__perform_reclaim(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order, struct zonelist *zonelist,
		  nodemask_t *nodemask)
{
	struct reclaim_state reclaim_state;
	int progress;

	cond_resched();

	/* We now go into synchronous reclaim */
	cpuset_memory_pressure_bump();
	current->flags |= PF_MEMALLOC;
	lockdep_set_current_reclaim_state(gfp_mask);
	reclaim_state.reclaimed_slab = 0;
	current->reclaim_state = &reclaim_state;

	progress = try_to_free_pages(zonelist, order, gfp_mask, nodemask);

	current->reclaim_state = NULL;
	lockdep_clear_current_reclaim_state();
	current->flags &= ~PF_MEMALLOC;

	cond_resched();

	return progress;
}

/* The really slow allocator path where we enter direct reclaim */
static inline struct page *
__alloc_pages_direct_reclaim(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order,
	struct zonelist *zonelist, enum zone_type high_zoneidx,
	nodemask_t *nodemask, int alloc_flags, struct zone *preferred_zone,
	int migratetype, unsigned long *did_some_progress)
{
	struct page *page = NULL;
	bool drained = false;

	*did_some_progress = __perform_reclaim(gfp_mask, order, zonelist,
					       nodemask);
	if (unlikely(!(*did_some_progress)))
		return NULL;

	/* After successful reclaim, reconsider all zones for allocation */
	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_NUMA))
		zlc_clear_zones_full(zonelist);

retry:
	page = get_page_from_freelist(gfp_mask, nodemask, order,
					zonelist, high_zoneidx,
					alloc_flags & ~ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS,
					preferred_zone, migratetype);

	/*
	 * If an allocation failed after direct reclaim, it could be because
	 * pages are pinned on the per-cpu lists. Drain them and try again
	 */
	if (!page && !drained) {
		drain_all_pages();
		drained = true;
		goto retry;
	}

	return page;
}

/*
 * This is called in the allocator slow-path if the allocation request is of
 * sufficient urgency to ignore watermarks and take other desperate measures
 */
static inline struct page *
__alloc_pages_high_priority(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order,
	struct zonelist *zonelist, enum zone_type high_zoneidx,
	nodemask_t *nodemask, struct zone *preferred_zone,
	int migratetype)
{
	struct page *page;

	do {
		page = get_page_from_freelist(gfp_mask, nodemask, order,
			zonelist, high_zoneidx, ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS,
			preferred_zone, migratetype);

		if (!page && gfp_mask & __GFP_NOFAIL)
			wait_iff_congested(preferred_zone, BLK_RW_ASYNC, HZ/50);
	} while (!page && (gfp_mask & __GFP_NOFAIL));

	return page;
}

static inline
void wake_all_kswapd(unsigned int order, struct zonelist *zonelist,
						enum zone_type high_zoneidx,
						enum zone_type classzone_idx)
{
	struct zoneref *z;
	struct zone *zone;

	for_each_zone_zonelist(zone, z, zonelist, high_zoneidx)
		wakeup_kswapd(zone, order, classzone_idx);
}

static inline int
gfp_to_alloc_flags(gfp_t gfp_mask)
{
	int alloc_flags = ALLOC_WMARK_MIN | ALLOC_CPUSET;
	const gfp_t wait = gfp_mask & __GFP_WAIT;

	/* __GFP_HIGH is assumed to be the same as ALLOC_HIGH to save a branch. */
	BUILD_BUG_ON(__GFP_HIGH != (__force gfp_t) ALLOC_HIGH);

	/*
	 * The caller may dip into page reserves a bit more if the caller
	 * cannot run direct reclaim, or if the caller has realtime scheduling
	 * policy or is asking for __GFP_HIGH memory.  GFP_ATOMIC requests will
	 * set both ALLOC_HARDER (!wait) and ALLOC_HIGH (__GFP_HIGH).
	 */
	alloc_flags |= (__force int) (gfp_mask & __GFP_HIGH);

	if (!wait) {
		/*
		 * Not worth trying to allocate harder for
		 * __GFP_NOMEMALLOC even if it can't schedule.
		 */
		if  (!(gfp_mask & __GFP_NOMEMALLOC))
			alloc_flags |= ALLOC_HARDER;
		/*
		 * Ignore cpuset if GFP_ATOMIC (!wait) rather than fail alloc.
		 * See also cpuset_zone_allowed() comment in kernel/cpuset.c.
		 */
		alloc_flags &= ~ALLOC_CPUSET;
	} else if (unlikely(rt_task(current)) && !in_interrupt())
		alloc_flags |= ALLOC_HARDER;

	if (likely(!(gfp_mask & __GFP_NOMEMALLOC))) {
		if (gfp_mask & __GFP_MEMALLOC)
			alloc_flags |= ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS;
		else if (in_serving_softirq() && (current->flags & PF_MEMALLOC))
			alloc_flags |= ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS;
		else if (!in_interrupt() &&
				((current->flags & PF_MEMALLOC) ||
				 unlikely(test_thread_flag(TIF_MEMDIE))))
			alloc_flags |= ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS;
	}
#ifdef CONFIG_CMA
	if (allocflags_to_migratetype(gfp_mask) == MIGRATE_MOVABLE)
		alloc_flags |= ALLOC_CMA;
#endif
	return alloc_flags;
}

bool gfp_pfmemalloc_allowed(gfp_t gfp_mask)
{
	return !!(gfp_to_alloc_flags(gfp_mask) & ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS);
}

static inline struct page *
__alloc_pages_slowpath(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order,
	struct zonelist *zonelist, enum zone_type high_zoneidx,
	nodemask_t *nodemask, struct zone *preferred_zone,
	int migratetype)
{
	const gfp_t wait = gfp_mask & __GFP_WAIT;
	struct page *page = NULL;
	int alloc_flags;
	unsigned long pages_reclaimed = 0;
	unsigned long did_some_progress;
	bool sync_migration = false;
	bool deferred_compaction = false;
	bool contended_compaction = false;

	/*
	 * In the slowpath, we sanity check order to avoid ever trying to
	 * reclaim >= MAX_ORDER areas which will never succeed. Callers may
	 * be using allocators in order of preference for an area that is
	 * too large.
	 */
	if (order >= MAX_ORDER) {
		WARN_ON_ONCE(!(gfp_mask & __GFP_NOWARN));
		return NULL;
	}

	/*
	 * GFP_THISNODE (meaning __GFP_THISNODE, __GFP_NORETRY and
	 * __GFP_NOWARN set) should not cause reclaim since the subsystem
	 * (f.e. slab) using GFP_THISNODE may choose to trigger reclaim
	 * using a larger set of nodes after it has established that the
	 * allowed per node queues are empty and that nodes are
	 * over allocated.
	 */
	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_NUMA) &&
			(gfp_mask & GFP_THISNODE) == GFP_THISNODE)
		goto nopage;

restart:
	if (!(gfp_mask & __GFP_NO_KSWAPD))
		wake_all_kswapd(order, zonelist, high_zoneidx,
						zone_idx(preferred_zone));

	/*
	 * OK, we're below the kswapd watermark and have kicked background
	 * reclaim. Now things get more complex, so set up alloc_flags according
	 * to how we want to proceed.
	 */
	alloc_flags = gfp_to_alloc_flags(gfp_mask);

	/*
	 * Find the true preferred zone if the allocation is unconstrained by
	 * cpusets.
	 */
	if (!(alloc_flags & ALLOC_CPUSET) && !nodemask)
		first_zones_zonelist(zonelist, high_zoneidx, NULL,
					&preferred_zone);

rebalance:
	/* This is the last chance, in general, before the goto nopage. */
	page = get_page_from_freelist(gfp_mask, nodemask, order, zonelist,
			high_zoneidx, alloc_flags & ~ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS,
			preferred_zone, migratetype);
	if (page)
		goto got_pg;

	/* Allocate without watermarks if the context allows */
	if (alloc_flags & ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS) {
		/*
		 * Ignore mempolicies if ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS on the grounds
		 * the allocation is high priority and these type of
		 * allocations are system rather than user orientated
		 */
		zonelist = node_zonelist(numa_node_id(), gfp_mask);

		page = __alloc_pages_high_priority(gfp_mask, order,
				zonelist, high_zoneidx, nodemask,
				preferred_zone, migratetype);
		if (page) {
			goto got_pg;
		}
	}

	/* Atomic allocations - we can't balance anything */
	if (!wait)
		goto nopage;

	/* Avoid recursion of direct reclaim */
	if (current->flags & PF_MEMALLOC)
		goto nopage;

	/* Avoid allocations with no watermarks from looping endlessly */
	if (test_thread_flag(TIF_MEMDIE) && !(gfp_mask & __GFP_NOFAIL))
		goto nopage;

	/*
	 * Try direct compaction. The first pass is asynchronous. Subsequent
	 * attempts after direct reclaim are synchronous
	 */
	page = __alloc_pages_direct_compact(gfp_mask, order,
					zonelist, high_zoneidx,
					nodemask,
					alloc_flags, preferred_zone,
					migratetype, sync_migration,
					&contended_compaction,
					&deferred_compaction,
					&did_some_progress);
	if (page)
		goto got_pg;
	sync_migration = true;

	/*
	 * If compaction is deferred for high-order allocations, it is because
	 * sync compaction recently failed. In this is the case and the caller
	 * requested a movable allocation that does not heavily disrupt the
	 * system then fail the allocation instead of entering direct reclaim.
	 */
	if ((deferred_compaction || contended_compaction) &&
						(gfp_mask & __GFP_NO_KSWAPD))
		goto nopage;

	/* Try direct reclaim and then allocating */
	page = __alloc_pages_direct_reclaim(gfp_mask, order,
					zonelist, high_zoneidx,
					nodemask,
					alloc_flags, preferred_zone,
					migratetype, &did_some_progress);
	if (page)
		goto got_pg;

	/*
	 * If we failed to make any progress reclaiming, then we are
	 * running out of options and have to consider going OOM
	 */
	if (!did_some_progress) {
		if ((gfp_mask & __GFP_FS) && !(gfp_mask & __GFP_NORETRY)) {
			if (oom_killer_disabled)
				goto nopage;
			/* Coredumps can quickly deplete all memory reserves */
			if ((current->flags & PF_DUMPCORE) &&
			    !(gfp_mask & __GFP_NOFAIL))
				goto nopage;
			page = __alloc_pages_may_oom(gfp_mask, order,
					zonelist, high_zoneidx,
					nodemask, preferred_zone,
					migratetype);
			if (page)
				goto got_pg;

			if (!(gfp_mask & __GFP_NOFAIL)) {
				/*
				 * The oom killer is not called for high-order
				 * allocations that may fail, so if no progress
				 * is being made, there are no other options and
				 * retrying is unlikely to help.
				 */
				if (order > PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER)
					goto nopage;
				/*
				 * The oom killer is not called for lowmem
				 * allocations to prevent needlessly killing
				 * innocent tasks.
				 */
				if (high_zoneidx < ZONE_NORMAL)
					goto nopage;
			}

			goto restart;
		}
	}

	/* Check if we should retry the allocation */
	pages_reclaimed += did_some_progress;
	if (should_alloc_retry(gfp_mask, order, did_some_progress,
						pages_reclaimed)) {
		/* Wait for some write requests to complete then retry */
		wait_iff_congested(preferred_zone, BLK_RW_ASYNC, HZ/50);
		goto rebalance;
	} else {
		/*
		 * High-order allocations do not necessarily loop after
		 * direct reclaim and reclaim/compaction depends on compaction
		 * being called after reclaim so call directly if necessary
		 */
		page = __alloc_pages_direct_compact(gfp_mask, order,
					zonelist, high_zoneidx,
					nodemask,
					alloc_flags, preferred_zone,
					migratetype, sync_migration,
					&contended_compaction,
					&deferred_compaction,
					&did_some_progress);
		if (page)
			goto got_pg;
	}

nopage:
	warn_alloc_failed(gfp_mask, order, NULL);
	return page;
got_pg:
	if (kmemcheck_enabled)
		kmemcheck_pagealloc_alloc(page, order, gfp_mask);

	return page;
}

/*
 * This is the 'heart' of the zoned buddy allocator.
 */
struct page *
__alloc_pages_nodemask(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order,
			struct zonelist *zonelist, nodemask_t *nodemask)
{
	enum zone_type high_zoneidx = gfp_zone(gfp_mask);
	struct zone *preferred_zone;
	struct page *page = NULL;
	int migratetype = allocflags_to_migratetype(gfp_mask);
	unsigned int cpuset_mems_cookie;
	int alloc_flags = ALLOC_WMARK_LOW|ALLOC_CPUSET;
	struct mem_cgroup *memcg = NULL;

	gfp_mask &= gfp_allowed_mask;

	lockdep_trace_alloc(gfp_mask);

	might_sleep_if(gfp_mask & __GFP_WAIT);

	if (should_fail_alloc_page(gfp_mask, order))
		return NULL;

	/*
	 * Check the zones suitable for the gfp_mask contain at least one
	 * valid zone. It's possible to have an empty zonelist as a result
	 * of GFP_THISNODE and a memoryless node
	 */
	if (unlikely(!zonelist->_zonerefs->zone))
		return NULL;

	/*
	 * Will only have any effect when __GFP_KMEMCG is set.  This is
	 * verified in the (always inline) callee
	 */
	if (!memcg_kmem_newpage_charge(gfp_mask, &memcg, order))
		return NULL;

retry_cpuset:
	cpuset_mems_cookie = get_mems_allowed();

	/* The preferred zone is used for statistics later */
	first_zones_zonelist(zonelist, high_zoneidx,
				nodemask ? : &cpuset_current_mems_allowed,
				&preferred_zone);
	if (!preferred_zone)
		goto out;

#ifdef CONFIG_CMA
	if (allocflags_to_migratetype(gfp_mask) == MIGRATE_MOVABLE)
		alloc_flags |= ALLOC_CMA;
#endif
	/* First allocation attempt */
	page = get_page_from_freelist(gfp_mask|__GFP_HARDWALL, nodemask, order,
			zonelist, high_zoneidx, alloc_flags,
			preferred_zone, migratetype);
	if (unlikely(!page)) {
		/*
		 * Runtime PM, block IO and its error handling path
		 * can deadlock because I/O on the device might not
		 * complete.
		 */
		gfp_mask = memalloc_noio_flags(gfp_mask);
		page = __alloc_pages_slowpath(gfp_mask, order,
				zonelist, high_zoneidx, nodemask,
				preferred_zone, migratetype);
	}

	trace_mm_page_alloc(page, order, gfp_mask, migratetype);

out:
	/*
	 * When updating a task's mems_allowed, it is possible to race with
	 * parallel threads in such a way that an allocation can fail while
	 * the mask is being updated. If a page allocation is about to fail,
	 * check if the cpuset changed during allocation and if so, retry.
	 */
	if (unlikely(!put_mems_allowed(cpuset_mems_cookie) && !page))
		goto retry_cpuset;

	memcg_kmem_commit_charge(page, memcg, order);

	return page;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__alloc_pages_nodemask);

/*
 * Common helper functions.
 */
unsigned long __get_free_pages(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order)
{
	struct page *page;

	/*
	 * __get_free_pages() returns a 32-bit address, which cannot represent
	 * a highmem page
	 */
	VM_BUG_ON((gfp_mask & __GFP_HIGHMEM) != 0);

	page = alloc_pages(gfp_mask, order);
	if (!page)
		return 0;
	return (unsigned long) page_address(page);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__get_free_pages);

unsigned long get_zeroed_page(gfp_t gfp_mask)
{
	return __get_free_pages(gfp_mask | __GFP_ZERO, 0);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(get_zeroed_page);

void __free_pages(struct page *page, unsigned int order)
{
	if (put_page_testzero(page)) {
		if (order == 0)
			free_hot_cold_page(page, 0);
		else
			__free_pages_ok(page, order);
	}
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(__free_pages);

void free_pages(unsigned long addr, unsigned int order)
{
	if (addr != 0) {
		VM_BUG_ON(!virt_addr_valid((void *)addr));
		__free_pages(virt_to_page((void *)addr), order);
	}
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(free_pages);

/*
 * __free_memcg_kmem_pages and free_memcg_kmem_pages will free
 * pages allocated with __GFP_KMEMCG.
 *
 * Those pages are accounted to a particular memcg, embedded in the
 * corresponding page_cgroup. To avoid adding a hit in the allocator to search
 * for that information only to find out that it is NULL for users who have no
 * interest in that whatsoever, we provide these functions.
 *
 * The caller knows better which flags it relies on.
 */
void __free_memcg_kmem_pages(struct page *page, unsigned int order)
{
	memcg_kmem_uncharge_pages(page, order);
	__free_pages(page, order);
}

void free_memcg_kmem_pages(unsigned long addr, unsigned int order)
{
	if (addr != 0) {
		VM_BUG_ON(!virt_addr_valid((void *)addr));
		__free_memcg_kmem_pages(virt_to_page((void *)addr), order);
	}
}

static void *make_alloc_exact(unsigned long addr, unsigned order, size_t size)
{
	if (addr) {
		unsigned long alloc_end = addr + (PAGE_SIZE << order);
		unsigned long used = addr + PAGE_ALIGN(size);

		split_page(virt_to_page((void *)addr), order);
		while (used < alloc_end) {
			free_page(used);
			used += PAGE_SIZE;
		}
	}
	return (void *)addr;
}

/**
 * alloc_pages_exact - allocate an exact number physically-contiguous pages.
 * @size: the number of bytes to allocate
 * @gfp_mask: GFP flags for the allocation
 *
 * This function is similar to alloc_pages(), except that it allocates the
 * minimum number of pages to satisfy the request.  alloc_pages() can only
 * allocate memory in power-of-two pages.
 *
 * This function is also limited by MAX_ORDER.
 *
 * Memory allocated by this function must be released by free_pages_exact().
 */
void *alloc_pages_exact(size_t size, gfp_t gfp_mask)
{
	unsigned int order = get_order(size);
	unsigned long addr;

	addr = __get_free_pages(gfp_mask, order);
	return make_alloc_exact(addr, order, size);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(alloc_pages_exact);

/**
 * alloc_pages_exact_nid - allocate an exact number of physically-contiguous
 *			   pages on a node.
 * @nid: the preferred node ID where memory should be allocated
 * @size: the number of bytes to allocate
 * @gfp_mask: GFP flags for the allocation
 *
 * Like alloc_pages_exact(), but try to allocate on node nid first before falling
 * back.
 * Note this is not alloc_pages_exact_node() which allocates on a specific node,
 * but is not exact.
 */
void *alloc_pages_exact_nid(int nid, size_t size, gfp_t gfp_mask)
{
	unsigned order = get_order(size);
	struct page *p = alloc_pages_node(nid, gfp_mask, order);
	if (!p)
		return NULL;
	return make_alloc_exact((unsigned long)page_address(p), order, size);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(alloc_pages_exact_nid);

/**
 * free_pages_exact - release memory allocated via alloc_pages_exact()
 * @virt: the value returned by alloc_pages_exact.
 * @size: size of allocation, same value as passed to alloc_pages_exact().
 *
 * Release the memory allocated by a previous call to alloc_pages_exact.
 */
void free_pages_exact(void *virt, size_t size)
{
	unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)virt;
	unsigned long end = addr + PAGE_ALIGN(size);

	while (addr < end) {
		free_page(addr);
		addr += PAGE_SIZE;
	}
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(free_pages_exact);

/**
 * nr_free_zone_pages - count number of pages beyond high watermark
 * @offset: The zone index of the highest zone
 *
 * nr_free_zone_pages() counts the number of counts pages which are beyond the
 * high watermark within all zones at or below a given zone index.  For each
 * zone, the number of pages is calculated as:
 *     managed_pages - high_pages
 */
static unsigned long nr_free_zone_pages(int offset)
{
	struct zoneref *z;
	struct zone *zone;

	/* Just pick one node, since fallback list is circular */
	unsigned long sum = 0;

	struct zonelist *zonelist = node_zonelist(numa_node_id(), GFP_KERNEL);

	for_each_zone_zonelist(zone, z, zonelist, offset) {
		unsigned long size = zone->managed_pages;
		unsigned long high = high_wmark_pages(zone);
		if (size > high)
			sum += size - high;
	}

	return sum;
}

/**
 * nr_free_buffer_pages - count number of pages beyond high watermark
 *
 * nr_free_buffer_pages() counts the number of pages which are beyond the high
 * watermark within ZONE_DMA and ZONE_NORMAL.
 */
unsigned long nr_free_buffer_pages(void)
{
	return nr_free_zone_pages(gfp_zone(GFP_USER));
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(nr_free_buffer_pages);

/**
 * nr_free_pagecache_pages - count number of pages beyond high watermark
 *
 * nr_free_pagecache_pages() counts the number of pages which are beyond the
 * high watermark within all zones.
 */
unsigned long nr_free_pagecache_pages(void)
{
	return nr_free_zone_pages(gfp_zone(GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE));
}

static inline void show_node(struct zone *zone)
{
	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_NUMA))
		printk("Node %d ", zone_to_nid(zone));
}

void si_meminfo(struct sysinfo *val)
{
	val->totalram = totalram_pages;
	val->sharedram = 0;
	val->freeram = global_page_state(NR_FREE_PAGES);
	val->bufferram = nr_blockdev_pages();
	val->totalhigh = totalhigh_pages;
	val->freehigh = nr_free_highpages();
	val->mem_unit = PAGE_SIZE;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(si_meminfo);

#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
void si_meminfo_node(struct sysinfo *val, int nid)
{
	int zone_type;		/* needs to be signed */
	unsigned long managed_pages = 0;
	pg_data_t *pgdat = NODE_DATA(nid);

	for (zone_type = 0; zone_type < MAX_NR_ZONES; zone_type++)
		managed_pages += pgdat->node_zones[zone_type].managed_pages;
	val->totalram = managed_pages;
	val->freeram = node_page_state(nid, NR_FREE_PAGES);
#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
	val->totalhigh = pgdat->node_zones[ZONE_HIGHMEM].managed_pages;
	val->freehigh = zone_page_state(&pgdat->node_zones[ZONE_HIGHMEM],
			NR_FREE_PAGES);
#else
	val->totalhigh = 0;
	val->freehigh = 0;
#endif
	val->mem_unit = PAGE_SIZE;
}
#endif

/*
 * Determine whether the node should be displayed or not, depending on whether
 * SHOW_MEM_FILTER_NODES was passed to show_free_areas().
 */
bool skip_free_areas_node(unsigned int flags, int nid)
{
	bool ret = false;
	unsigned int cpuset_mems_cookie;

	if (!(flags & SHOW_MEM_FILTER_NODES))
		goto out;

	do {
		cpuset_mems_cookie = get_mems_allowed();
		ret = !node_isset(nid, cpuset_current_mems_allowed);
	} while (!put_mems_allowed(cpuset_mems_cookie));
out:
	return ret;
}

#define K(x) ((x) << (PAGE_SHIFT-10))

static void show_migration_types(unsigned char type)
{
	static const char types[MIGRATE_TYPES] = {
		[MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE]	= 'U',
		[MIGRATE_RECLAIMABLE]	= 'E',
		[MIGRATE_MOVABLE]	= 'M',
		[MIGRATE_RESERVE]	= 'R',
#ifdef CONFIG_CMA
		[MIGRATE_CMA]		= 'C',
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_ISOLATION
		[MIGRATE_ISOLATE]	= 'I',
#endif
	};
	char tmp[MIGRATE_TYPES + 1];
	char *p = tmp;
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < MIGRATE_TYPES; i++) {
		if (type & (1 << i))
			*p++ = types[i];
	}

	*p = '\0';
	printk("(%s) ", tmp);
}

/*
 * Show free area list (used inside shift_scroll-lock stuff)
 * We also calculate the percentage fragmentation. We do this by counting the
 * memory on each free list with the exception of the first item on the list.
 * Suppresses nodes that are not allowed by current's cpuset if
 * SHOW_MEM_FILTER_NODES is passed.
 */
void show_free_areas(unsigned int filter)
{
	int cpu;
	struct zone *zone;

	for_each_populated_zone(zone) {
		if (skip_free_areas_node(filter, zone_to_nid(zone)))
			continue;
		show_node(zone);
		printk("%s per-cpu:\n", zone->name);

		for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
			struct per_cpu_pageset *pageset;

			pageset = per_cpu_ptr(zone->pageset, cpu);