mempolicy.c

/*
 * Simple NUMA memory policy for the Linux kernel.
 *
 * Copyright 2003,2004 Andi Kleen, SuSE Labs.
 * (C) Copyright 2005 Christoph Lameter, Silicon Graphics, Inc.
 * Subject to the GNU Public License, version 2.
 *
 * NUMA policy allows the user to give hints in which node(s) memory should
 * be allocated.
 *
 * Support four policies per VMA and per process:
 *
 * The VMA policy has priority over the process policy for a page fault.
 *
 * interleave     Allocate memory interleaved over a set of nodes,
 *                with normal fallback if it fails.
 *                For VMA based allocations this interleaves based on the
 *                offset into the backing object or offset into the mapping
 *                for anonymous memory. For process policy an process counter
 *                is used.
 *
 * bind           Only allocate memory on a specific set of nodes,
 *                no fallback.
 *                FIXME: memory is allocated starting with the first node
 *                to the last. It would be better if bind would truly restrict
 *                the allocation to memory nodes instead
 *
 * preferred       Try a specific node first before normal fallback.
 *                As a special case NUMA_NO_NODE here means do the allocation
 *                on the local CPU. This is normally identical to default,
 *                but useful to set in a VMA when you have a non default
 *                process policy.
 *
 * default        Allocate on the local node first, or when on a VMA
 *                use the process policy. This is what Linux always did
 *		  in a NUMA aware kernel and still does by, ahem, default.
 *
 * The process policy is applied for most non interrupt memory allocations
 * in that process' context. Interrupts ignore the policies and always
 * try to allocate on the local CPU. The VMA policy is only applied for memory
 * allocations for a VMA in the VM.
 *
 * Currently there are a few corner cases in swapping where the policy
 * is not applied, but the majority should be handled. When process policy
 * is used it is not remembered over swap outs/swap ins.
 *
 * Only the highest zone in the zone hierarchy gets policied. Allocations
 * requesting a lower zone just use default policy. This implies that
 * on systems with highmem kernel lowmem allocation don't get policied.
 * Same with GFP_DMA allocations.
 *
 * For shmfs/tmpfs/hugetlbfs shared memory the policy is shared between
 * all users and remembered even when nobody has memory mapped.
 */

/* Notebook:
   fix mmap readahead to honour policy and enable policy for any page cache
   object
   statistics for bigpages
   global policy for page cache? currently it uses process policy. Requires
   first item above.
   handle mremap for shared memory (currently ignored for the policy)
   grows down?
   make bind policy root only? It can trigger oom much faster and the
   kernel is not always grateful with that.
*/

#define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt

#include <linux/mempolicy.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/highmem.h>
#include <linux/hugetlb.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/sched/mm.h>
#include <linux/sched/numa_balancing.h>
#include <linux/sched/task.h>
#include <linux/nodemask.h>
#include <linux/cpuset.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/export.h>
#include <linux/nsproxy.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/compat.h>
#include <linux/ptrace.h>
#include <linux/swap.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/migrate.h>
#include <linux/ksm.h>
#include <linux/rmap.h>
#include <linux/security.h>
#include <linux/syscalls.h>
#include <linux/ctype.h>
#include <linux/mm_inline.h>
#include <linux/mmu_notifier.h>
#include <linux/printk.h>
#include <linux/swapops.h>

#include <asm/tlbflush.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>

#include "internal.h"

/* Internal flags */
#define MPOL_MF_DISCONTIG_OK (MPOL_MF_INTERNAL << 0)	/* Skip checks for continuous vmas */
#define MPOL_MF_INVERT (MPOL_MF_INTERNAL << 1)		/* Invert check for nodemask */

static struct kmem_cache *policy_cache;
static struct kmem_cache *sn_cache;

/* Highest zone. An specific allocation for a zone below that is not
   policied. */
enum zone_type policy_zone = 0;

/*
 * run-time system-wide default policy => local allocation
 */
static struct mempolicy default_policy = {
	.refcnt = ATOMIC_INIT(1), /* never free it */
	.mode = MPOL_PREFERRED,
	.flags = MPOL_F_LOCAL,
};

static struct mempolicy preferred_node_policy[MAX_NUMNODES];

struct mempolicy *get_task_policy(struct task_struct *p)
{
	struct mempolicy *pol = p->mempolicy;
	int node;

	if (pol)
		return pol;

	node = numa_node_id();
	if (node != NUMA_NO_NODE) {
		pol = &preferred_node_policy[node];
		/* preferred_node_policy is not initialised early in boot */
		if (pol->mode)
			return pol;
	}

	return &default_policy;
}

static const struct mempolicy_operations {
	int (*create)(struct mempolicy *pol, const nodemask_t *nodes);
	void (*rebind)(struct mempolicy *pol, const nodemask_t *nodes);
} mpol_ops[MPOL_MAX];

static inline int mpol_store_user_nodemask(const struct mempolicy *pol)
{
	return pol->flags & MPOL_MODE_FLAGS;
}

static void mpol_relative_nodemask(nodemask_t *ret, const nodemask_t *orig,
				   const nodemask_t *rel)
{
	nodemask_t tmp;
	nodes_fold(tmp, *orig, nodes_weight(*rel));
	nodes_onto(*ret, tmp, *rel);
}

static int mpol_new_interleave(struct mempolicy *pol, const nodemask_t *nodes)
{
	if (nodes_empty(*nodes))
		return -EINVAL;
	pol->v.nodes = *nodes;
	return 0;
}

static int mpol_new_preferred(struct mempolicy *pol, const nodemask_t *nodes)
{
	if (!nodes)
		pol->flags |= MPOL_F_LOCAL;	/* local allocation */
	else if (nodes_empty(*nodes))
		return -EINVAL;			/*  no allowed nodes */
	else
		pol->v.preferred_node = first_node(*nodes);
	return 0;
}

static int mpol_new_bind(struct mempolicy *pol, const nodemask_t *nodes)
{
	if (nodes_empty(*nodes))
		return -EINVAL;
	pol->v.nodes = *nodes;
	return 0;
}

/*
 * mpol_set_nodemask is called after mpol_new() to set up the nodemask, if
 * any, for the new policy.  mpol_new() has already validated the nodes
 * parameter with respect to the policy mode and flags.  But, we need to
 * handle an empty nodemask with MPOL_PREFERRED here.
 *
 * Must be called holding task's alloc_lock to protect task's mems_allowed
 * and mempolicy.  May also be called holding the mmap_semaphore for write.
 */
static int mpol_set_nodemask(struct mempolicy *pol,
		     const nodemask_t *nodes, struct nodemask_scratch *nsc)
{
	int ret;

	/* if mode is MPOL_DEFAULT, pol is NULL. This is right. */
	if (pol == NULL)
		return 0;
	/* Check N_MEMORY */
	nodes_and(nsc->mask1,
		  cpuset_current_mems_allowed, node_states[N_MEMORY]);

	VM_BUG_ON(!nodes);
	if (pol->mode == MPOL_PREFERRED && nodes_empty(*nodes))
		nodes = NULL;	/* explicit local allocation */
	else {
		if (pol->flags & MPOL_F_RELATIVE_NODES)
			mpol_relative_nodemask(&nsc->mask2, nodes, &nsc->mask1);
		else
			nodes_and(nsc->mask2, *nodes, nsc->mask1);

		if (mpol_store_user_nodemask(pol))
			pol->w.user_nodemask = *nodes;
		else
			pol->w.cpuset_mems_allowed =
						cpuset_current_mems_allowed;
	}

	if (nodes)
		ret = mpol_ops[pol->mode].create(pol, &nsc->mask2);
	else
		ret = mpol_ops[pol->mode].create(pol, NULL);
	return ret;
}

/*
 * This function just creates a new policy, does some check and simple
 * initialization. You must invoke mpol_set_nodemask() to set nodes.
 */
static struct mempolicy *mpol_new(unsigned short mode, unsigned short flags,
				  nodemask_t *nodes)
{
	struct mempolicy *policy;

	pr_debug("setting mode %d flags %d nodes[0] %lx\n",
		 mode, flags, nodes ? nodes_addr(*nodes)[0] : NUMA_NO_NODE);

	if (mode == MPOL_DEFAULT) {
		if (nodes && !nodes_empty(*nodes))
			return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
		return NULL;
	}
	VM_BUG_ON(!nodes);

	/*
	 * MPOL_PREFERRED cannot be used with MPOL_F_STATIC_NODES or
	 * MPOL_F_RELATIVE_NODES if the nodemask is empty (local allocation).
	 * All other modes require a valid pointer to a non-empty nodemask.
	 */
	if (mode == MPOL_PREFERRED) {
		if (nodes_empty(*nodes)) {
			if (((flags & MPOL_F_STATIC_NODES) ||
			     (flags & MPOL_F_RELATIVE_NODES)))
				return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
		}
	} else if (mode == MPOL_LOCAL) {
		if (!nodes_empty(*nodes) ||
		    (flags & MPOL_F_STATIC_NODES) ||
		    (flags & MPOL_F_RELATIVE_NODES))
			return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
		mode = MPOL_PREFERRED;
	} else if (nodes_empty(*nodes))
		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
	policy = kmem_cache_alloc(policy_cache, GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!policy)
		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
	atomic_set(&policy->refcnt, 1);
	policy->mode = mode;
	policy->flags = flags;

	return policy;
}

/* Slow path of a mpol destructor. */
void __mpol_put(struct mempolicy *p)
{
	if (!atomic_dec_and_test(&p->refcnt))
		return;
	kmem_cache_free(policy_cache, p);
}

static void mpol_rebind_default(struct mempolicy *pol, const nodemask_t *nodes)
{
}

static void mpol_rebind_nodemask(struct mempolicy *pol, const nodemask_t *nodes)
{
	nodemask_t tmp;

	if (pol->flags & MPOL_F_STATIC_NODES)
		nodes_and(tmp, pol->w.user_nodemask, *nodes);
	else if (pol->flags & MPOL_F_RELATIVE_NODES)
		mpol_relative_nodemask(&tmp, &pol->w.user_nodemask, nodes);
	else {
		nodes_remap(tmp, pol->v.nodes,pol->w.cpuset_mems_allowed,
								*nodes);
		pol->w.cpuset_mems_allowed = tmp;
	}

	if (nodes_empty(tmp))
		tmp = *nodes;

	pol->v.nodes = tmp;
}

static void mpol_rebind_preferred(struct mempolicy *pol,
						const nodemask_t *nodes)
{
	nodemask_t tmp;

	if (pol->flags & MPOL_F_STATIC_NODES) {
		int node = first_node(pol->w.user_nodemask);

		if (node_isset(node, *nodes)) {
			pol->v.preferred_node = node;
			pol->flags &= ~MPOL_F_LOCAL;
		} else
			pol->flags |= MPOL_F_LOCAL;
	} else if (pol->flags & MPOL_F_RELATIVE_NODES) {
		mpol_relative_nodemask(&tmp, &pol->w.user_nodemask, nodes);
		pol->v.preferred_node = first_node(tmp);
	} else if (!(pol->flags & MPOL_F_LOCAL)) {
		pol->v.preferred_node = node_remap(pol->v.preferred_node,
						   pol->w.cpuset_mems_allowed,
						   *nodes);
		pol->w.cpuset_mems_allowed = *nodes;
	}
}

/*
 * mpol_rebind_policy - Migrate a policy to a different set of nodes
 *
 * Per-vma policies are protected by mmap_sem. Allocations using per-task
 * policies are protected by task->mems_allowed_seq to prevent a premature
 * OOM/allocation failure due to parallel nodemask modification.
 */
static void mpol_rebind_policy(struct mempolicy *pol, const nodemask_t *newmask)
{
	if (!pol)
		return;
	if (!mpol_store_user_nodemask(pol) &&
	    nodes_equal(pol->w.cpuset_mems_allowed, *newmask))
		return;

	mpol_ops[pol->mode].rebind(pol, newmask);
}

/*
 * Wrapper for mpol_rebind_policy() that just requires task
 * pointer, and updates task mempolicy.
 *
 * Called with task's alloc_lock held.
 */

void mpol_rebind_task(struct task_struct *tsk, const nodemask_t *new)
{
	mpol_rebind_policy(tsk->mempolicy, new);
}

/*
 * Rebind each vma in mm to new nodemask.
 *
 * Call holding a reference to mm.  Takes mm->mmap_sem during call.
 */

void mpol_rebind_mm(struct mm_struct *mm, nodemask_t *new)
{
	struct vm_area_struct *vma;

	down_write(&mm->mmap_sem);
	for (vma = mm->mmap; vma; vma = vma->vm_next)
		mpol_rebind_policy(vma->vm_policy, new);
	up_write(&mm->mmap_sem);
}

static const struct mempolicy_operations mpol_ops[MPOL_MAX] = {
	[MPOL_DEFAULT] = {
		.rebind = mpol_rebind_default,
	},
	[MPOL_INTERLEAVE] = {
		.create = mpol_new_interleave,
		.rebind = mpol_rebind_nodemask,
	},
	[MPOL_PREFERRED] = {
		.create = mpol_new_preferred,
		.rebind = mpol_rebind_preferred,
	},
	[MPOL_BIND] = {
		.create = mpol_new_bind,
		.rebind = mpol_rebind_nodemask,
	},
};

static void migrate_page_add(struct page *page, struct list_head *pagelist,
				unsigned long flags);

struct queue_pages {
	struct list_head *pagelist;
	unsigned long flags;
	nodemask_t *nmask;
	struct vm_area_struct *prev;
};

/*
 * Check if the page's nid is in qp->nmask.
 *
 * If MPOL_MF_INVERT is set in qp->flags, check if the nid is
 * in the invert of qp->nmask.
 */
static inline bool queue_pages_required(struct page *page,
					struct queue_pages *qp)
{
	int nid = page_to_nid(page);
	unsigned long flags = qp->flags;

	return node_isset(nid, *qp->nmask) == !(flags & MPOL_MF_INVERT);
}

static int queue_pages_pmd(pmd_t *pmd, spinlock_t *ptl, unsigned long addr,
				unsigned long end, struct mm_walk *walk)
{
	int ret = 0;
	struct page *page;
	struct queue_pages *qp = walk->private;
	unsigned long flags;

	if (unlikely(is_pmd_migration_entry(*pmd))) {
		ret = 1;
		goto unlock;
	}
	page = pmd_page(*pmd);
	if (is_huge_zero_page(page)) {
		spin_unlock(ptl);
		__split_huge_pmd(walk->vma, pmd, addr, false, NULL);
		goto out;
	}
	if (!queue_pages_required(page, qp)) {
		ret = 1;
		goto unlock;
	}

	ret = 1;
	flags = qp->flags;
	/* go to thp migration */
	if (flags & (MPOL_MF_MOVE | MPOL_MF_MOVE_ALL))
		migrate_page_add(page, qp->pagelist, flags);
unlock:
	spin_unlock(ptl);
out:
	return ret;
}

/*
 * Scan through pages checking if pages follow certain conditions,
 * and move them to the pagelist if they do.
 */
static int queue_pages_pte_range(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long addr,
			unsigned long end, struct mm_walk *walk)
{
	struct vm_area_struct *vma = walk->vma;
	struct page *page;
	struct queue_pages *qp = walk->private;
	unsigned long flags = qp->flags;
	int ret;
	pte_t *pte;
	spinlock_t *ptl;

	ptl = pmd_trans_huge_lock(pmd, vma);
	if (ptl) {
		ret = queue_pages_pmd(pmd, ptl, addr, end, walk);
		if (ret)
			return 0;
	}

	if (pmd_trans_unstable(pmd))
		return 0;

	pte = pte_offset_map_lock(walk->mm, pmd, addr, &ptl);
	for (; addr != end; pte++, addr += PAGE_SIZE) {
		if (!pte_present(*pte))
			continue;
		page = vm_normal_page(vma, addr, *pte);
		if (!page)
			continue;
		/*
		 * vm_normal_page() filters out zero pages, but there might
		 * still be PageReserved pages to skip, perhaps in a VDSO.
		 */
		if (PageReserved(page))
			continue;
		if (!queue_pages_required(page, qp))
			continue;
		migrate_page_add(page, qp->pagelist, flags);
	}
	pte_unmap_unlock(pte - 1, ptl);
	cond_resched();
	return 0;
}

static int queue_pages_hugetlb(pte_t *pte, unsigned long hmask,
			       unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
			       struct mm_walk *walk)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE
	struct queue_pages *qp = walk->private;
	unsigned long flags = qp->flags;
	struct page *page;
	spinlock_t *ptl;
	pte_t entry;

	ptl = huge_pte_lock(hstate_vma(walk->vma), walk->mm, pte);
	entry = huge_ptep_get(pte);
	if (!pte_present(entry))
		goto unlock;
	page = pte_page(entry);
	if (!queue_pages_required(page, qp))
		goto unlock;
	/* With MPOL_MF_MOVE, we migrate only unshared hugepage. */
	if (flags & (MPOL_MF_MOVE_ALL) ||
	    (flags & MPOL_MF_MOVE && page_mapcount(page) == 1))
		isolate_huge_page(page, qp->pagelist);
unlock:
	spin_unlock(ptl);
#else
	BUG();
#endif
	return 0;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA_BALANCING
/*
 * This is used to mark a range of virtual addresses to be inaccessible.
 * These are later cleared by a NUMA hinting fault. Depending on these
 * faults, pages may be migrated for better NUMA placement.
 *
 * This is assuming that NUMA faults are handled using PROT_NONE. If
 * an architecture makes a different choice, it will need further
 * changes to the core.
 */
unsigned long change_prot_numa(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
			unsigned long addr, unsigned long end)
{
	int nr_updated;

	nr_updated = change_protection(vma, addr, end, PAGE_NONE, 0, 1);
	if (nr_updated)
		count_vm_numa_events(NUMA_PTE_UPDATES, nr_updated);

	return nr_updated;
}
#else
static unsigned long change_prot_numa(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
			unsigned long addr, unsigned long end)
{
	return 0;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_NUMA_BALANCING */

static int queue_pages_test_walk(unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
				struct mm_walk *walk)
{
	struct vm_area_struct *vma = walk->vma;
	struct queue_pages *qp = walk->private;
	unsigned long endvma = vma->vm_end;
	unsigned long flags = qp->flags;

	if (!vma_migratable(vma))
		return 1;

	if (endvma > end)
		endvma = end;
	if (vma->vm_start > start)
		start = vma->vm_start;

	if (!(flags & MPOL_MF_DISCONTIG_OK)) {
		if (!vma->vm_next && vma->vm_end < end)
			return -EFAULT;
		if (qp->prev && qp->prev->vm_end < vma->vm_start)
			return -EFAULT;
	}

	qp->prev = vma;

	if (flags & MPOL_MF_LAZY) {
		/* Similar to task_numa_work, skip inaccessible VMAs */
		if (!is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma) &&
			(vma->vm_flags & (VM_READ | VM_EXEC | VM_WRITE)) &&
			!(vma->vm_flags & VM_MIXEDMAP))
			change_prot_numa(vma, start, endvma);
		return 1;
	}

	/* queue pages from current vma */
	if (flags & (MPOL_MF_MOVE | MPOL_MF_MOVE_ALL))
		return 0;
	return 1;
}

/*
 * Walk through page tables and collect pages to be migrated.
 *
 * If pages found in a given range are on a set of nodes (determined by
 * @nodes and @flags,) it's isolated and queued to the pagelist which is
 * passed via @private.)
 */
static int
queue_pages_range(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
		nodemask_t *nodes, unsigned long flags,
		struct list_head *pagelist)
{
	struct queue_pages qp = {
		.pagelist = pagelist,
		.flags = flags,
		.nmask = nodes,
		.prev = NULL,
	};
	struct mm_walk queue_pages_walk = {
		.hugetlb_entry = queue_pages_hugetlb,
		.pmd_entry = queue_pages_pte_range,
		.test_walk = queue_pages_test_walk,
		.mm = mm,
		.private = &qp,
	};

	return walk_page_range(start, end, &queue_pages_walk);
}

/*
 * Apply policy to a single VMA
 * This must be called with the mmap_sem held for writing.
 */
static int vma_replace_policy(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
						struct mempolicy *pol)
{
	int err;
	struct mempolicy *old;
	struct mempolicy *new;

	pr_debug("vma %lx-%lx/%lx vm_ops %p vm_file %p set_policy %p\n",
		 vma->vm_start, vma->vm_end, vma->vm_pgoff,
		 vma->vm_ops, vma->vm_file,
		 vma->vm_ops ? vma->vm_ops->set_policy : NULL);

	new = mpol_dup(pol);
	if (IS_ERR(new))
		return PTR_ERR(new);

	if (vma->vm_ops && vma->vm_ops->set_policy) {
		err = vma->vm_ops->set_policy(vma, new);
		if (err)
			goto err_out;
	}

	old = vma->vm_policy;
	vma->vm_policy = new; /* protected by mmap_sem */
	mpol_put(old);

	return 0;
 err_out:
	mpol_put(new);
	return err;
}

/* Step 2: apply policy to a range and do splits. */
static int mbind_range(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long start,
		       unsigned long end, struct mempolicy *new_pol)
{
	struct vm_area_struct *next;
	struct vm_area_struct *prev;
	struct vm_area_struct *vma;
	int err = 0;
	pgoff_t pgoff;
	unsigned long vmstart;
	unsigned long vmend;

	vma = find_vma(mm, start);
	if (!vma || vma->vm_start > start)
		return -EFAULT;

	prev = vma->vm_prev;
	if (start > vma->vm_start)
		prev = vma;

	for (; vma && vma->vm_start < end; prev = vma, vma = next) {
		next = vma->vm_next;
		vmstart = max(start, vma->vm_start);
		vmend   = min(end, vma->vm_end);

		if (mpol_equal(vma_policy(vma), new_pol))
			continue;

		pgoff = vma->vm_pgoff +
			((vmstart - vma->vm_start) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
		prev = vma_merge(mm, prev, vmstart, vmend, vma->vm_flags,
				 vma->anon_vma, vma->vm_file, pgoff,
				 new_pol, vma->vm_userfaultfd_ctx);
		if (prev) {
			vma = prev;
			next = vma->vm_next;
			if (mpol_equal(vma_policy(vma), new_pol))
				continue;
			/* vma_merge() joined vma && vma->next, case 8 */
			goto replace;
		}
		if (vma->vm_start != vmstart) {
			err = split_vma(vma->vm_mm, vma, vmstart, 1);
			if (err)
				goto out;
		}
		if (vma->vm_end != vmend) {
			err = split_vma(vma->vm_mm, vma, vmend, 0);
			if (err)
				goto out;
		}
 replace:
		err = vma_replace_policy(vma, new_pol);
		if (err)
			goto out;
	}

 out:
	return err;
}

/* Set the process memory policy */
static long do_set_mempolicy(unsigned short mode, unsigned short flags,
			     nodemask_t *nodes)
{
	struct mempolicy *new, *old;
	NODEMASK_SCRATCH(scratch);
	int ret;

	if (!scratch)
		return -ENOMEM;

	new = mpol_new(mode, flags, nodes);
	if (IS_ERR(new)) {
		ret = PTR_ERR(new);
		goto out;
	}

	task_lock(current);
	ret = mpol_set_nodemask(new, nodes, scratch);
	if (ret) {
		task_unlock(current);
		mpol_put(new);
		goto out;
	}
	old = current->mempolicy;
	current->mempolicy = new;
	if (new && new->mode == MPOL_INTERLEAVE)
		current->il_prev = MAX_NUMNODES-1;
	task_unlock(current);
	mpol_put(old);
	ret = 0;
out:
	NODEMASK_SCRATCH_FREE(scratch);
	return ret;
}

/*
 * Return nodemask for policy for get_mempolicy() query
 *
 * Called with task's alloc_lock held
 */
static void get_policy_nodemask(struct mempolicy *p, nodemask_t *nodes)
{
	nodes_clear(*nodes);
	if (p == &default_policy)
		return;

	switch (p->mode) {
	case MPOL_BIND:
		/* Fall through */
	case MPOL_INTERLEAVE:
		*nodes = p->v.nodes;
		break;
	case MPOL_PREFERRED:
		if (!(p->flags & MPOL_F_LOCAL))
			node_set(p->v.preferred_node, *nodes);
		/* else return empty node mask for local allocation */
		break;
	default:
		BUG();
	}
}

static int lookup_node(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr)
{
	struct page *p;
	int err;

	int locked = 1;
	err = get_user_pages_locked(addr & PAGE_MASK, 1, 0, &p, &locked);
	if (err >= 0) {
		err = page_to_nid(p);
		put_page(p);
	}
	if (locked)
		up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
	return err;
}

/* Retrieve NUMA policy */
static long do_get_mempolicy(int *policy, nodemask_t *nmask,
			     unsigned long addr, unsigned long flags)
{
	int err;
	struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm;
	struct vm_area_struct *vma = NULL;
	struct mempolicy *pol = current->mempolicy, *pol_refcount = NULL;

	if (flags &
		~(unsigned long)(MPOL_F_NODE|MPOL_F_ADDR|MPOL_F_MEMS_ALLOWED))
		return -EINVAL;

	if (flags & MPOL_F_MEMS_ALLOWED) {
		if (flags & (MPOL_F_NODE|MPOL_F_ADDR))
			return -EINVAL;
		*policy = 0;	/* just so it's initialized */
		task_lock(current);
		*nmask  = cpuset_current_mems_allowed;
		task_unlock(current);
		return 0;
	}

	if (flags & MPOL_F_ADDR) {
		/*
		 * Do NOT fall back to task policy if the
		 * vma/shared policy at addr is NULL.  We
		 * want to return MPOL_DEFAULT in this case.
		 */
		down_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
		vma = find_vma_intersection(mm, addr, addr+1);
		if (!vma) {
			up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
			return -EFAULT;
		}
		if (vma->vm_ops && vma->vm_ops->get_policy)
			pol = vma->vm_ops->get_policy(vma, addr);
		else
			pol = vma->vm_policy;
	} else if (addr)
		return -EINVAL;

	if (!pol)
		pol = &default_policy;	/* indicates default behavior */

	if (flags & MPOL_F_NODE) {
		if (flags & MPOL_F_ADDR) {
			/*
			 * Take a refcount on the mpol, lookup_node()
			 * wil drop the mmap_sem, so after calling
			 * lookup_node() only "pol" remains valid, "vma"
			 * is stale.
			 */
			pol_refcount = pol;
			vma = NULL;
			mpol_get(pol);
			err = lookup_node(mm, addr);
			if (err < 0)
				goto out;
			*policy = err;
		} else if (pol == current->mempolicy &&
				pol->mode == MPOL_INTERLEAVE) {
			*policy = next_node_in(current->il_prev, pol->v.nodes);
		} else {
			err = -EINVAL;
			goto out;
		}
	} else {
		*policy = pol == &default_policy ? MPOL_DEFAULT :
						pol->mode;
		/*
		 * Internal mempolicy flags must be masked off before exposing
		 * the policy to userspace.
		 */
		*policy |= (pol->flags & MPOL_MODE_FLAGS);
	}

	err = 0;
	if (nmask) {
		if (mpol_store_user_nodemask(pol)) {
			*nmask = pol->w.user_nodemask;
		} else {
			task_lock(current);
			get_policy_nodemask(pol, nmask);
			task_unlock(current);
		}
	}

 out:
	mpol_cond_put(pol);
	if (vma)
		up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
	if (pol_refcount)
		mpol_put(pol_refcount);
	return err;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_MIGRATION
/*
 * page migration, thp tail pages can be passed.
 */
static void migrate_page_add(struct page *page, struct list_head *pagelist,
				unsigned long flags)
{
	struct page *head = compound_head(page);
	/*
	 * Avoid migrating a page that is shared with others.
	 */
	if ((flags & MPOL_MF_MOVE_ALL) || page_mapcount(head) == 1) {
		if (!isolate_lru_page(head)) {
			list_add_tail(&head->lru, pagelist);
			mod_node_page_state(page_pgdat(head),
				NR_ISOLATED_ANON + page_is_file_cache(head),
				hpage_nr_pages(head));
		}
	}
}

/* page allocation callback for NUMA node migration */
struct page *alloc_new_node_page(struct page *page, unsigned long node)
{
	if (PageHuge(page))
		return alloc_huge_page_node(page_hstate(compound_head(page)),
					node);
	else if (PageTransHuge(page)) {
		struct page *thp;

		thp = alloc_pages_node(node,
			(GFP_TRANSHUGE | __GFP_THISNODE),
			HPAGE_PMD_ORDER);
		if (!thp)
			return NULL;
		prep_transhuge_page(thp);
		return thp;
	} else
		return __alloc_pages_node(node, GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE |
						    __GFP_THISNODE, 0);
}

/*
 * Migrate pages from one node to a target node.
 * Returns error or the number of pages not migrated.
 */
static int migrate_to_node(struct mm_struct *mm, int source, int dest,
			   int flags)
{
	nodemask_t nmask;
	LIST_HEAD(pagelist);
	int err = 0;

	nodes_clear(nmask);
	node_set(source, nmask);

	/*
	 * This does not "check" the range but isolates all pages that
	 * need migration.  Between passing in the full user address
	 * space range and MPOL_MF_DISCONTIG_OK, this call can not fail.
	 */
	VM_BUG_ON(!(flags & (MPOL_MF_MOVE | MPOL_MF_MOVE_ALL)));
	queue_pages_range(mm, mm->mmap->vm_start, mm->task_size, &nmask,
			flags | MPOL_MF_DISCONTIG_OK, &pagelist);

	if (!list_empty(&pagelist)) {
		err = migrate_pages(&pagelist, alloc_new_node_page, NULL, dest,
					MIGRATE_SYNC, MR_SYSCALL);
		if (err)
			putback_movable_pages(&pagelist);
	}

	return err;
}

/*
 * Move pages between the two nodesets so as to preserve the physical
 * layout as much as possible.
 *
 * Returns the number of page that could not be moved.
 */
int do_migrate_pages(struct mm_struct *mm, const nodemask_t *from,
		     const nodemask_t *to, int flags)
{
	int busy = 0;
	int err;
	nodemask_t tmp;