page_alloc.c

{
	char saved_string[NUMA_ZONELIST_ORDER_LEN];
	int ret;

	if (write)
		strncpy(saved_string, (char*)table->data,
			NUMA_ZONELIST_ORDER_LEN);
	ret = proc_dostring(table, write, file, buffer, length, ppos);
	if (ret)
		return ret;
	if (write) {
		int oldval = user_zonelist_order;
		if (__parse_numa_zonelist_order((char*)table->data)) {
			/*
			 * bogus value.  restore saved string
			 */
			strncpy((char*)table->data, saved_string,
				NUMA_ZONELIST_ORDER_LEN);
			user_zonelist_order = oldval;
		} else if (oldval != user_zonelist_order)
			build_all_zonelists();
	}
	return 0;
}


#define MAX_NODE_LOAD (num_online_nodes())
static int node_load[MAX_NUMNODES];

/**
 * find_next_best_node - find the next node that should appear in a given node's fallback list
 * @node: node whose fallback list we're appending
 * @used_node_mask: nodemask_t of already used nodes
 *
 * We use a number of factors to determine which is the next node that should
 * appear on a given node's fallback list.  The node should not have appeared
 * already in @node's fallback list, and it should be the next closest node
 * according to the distance array (which contains arbitrary distance values
 * from each node to each node in the system), and should also prefer nodes
 * with no CPUs, since presumably they'll have very little allocation pressure
 * on them otherwise.
 * It returns -1 if no node is found.
 */
static int find_next_best_node(int node, nodemask_t *used_node_mask)
{
	int n, val;
	int min_val = INT_MAX;
	int best_node = -1;

	/* Use the local node if we haven't already */
	if (!node_isset(node, *used_node_mask)) {
		node_set(node, *used_node_mask);
		return node;
	}

	for_each_node_state(n, N_HIGH_MEMORY) {
		cpumask_t tmp;

		/* Don't want a node to appear more than once */
		if (node_isset(n, *used_node_mask))
			continue;

		/* Use the distance array to find the distance */
		val = node_distance(node, n);

		/* Penalize nodes under us ("prefer the next node") */
		val += (n < node);

		/* Give preference to headless and unused nodes */
		tmp = node_to_cpumask(n);
		if (!cpus_empty(tmp))
			val += PENALTY_FOR_NODE_WITH_CPUS;

		/* Slight preference for less loaded node */
		val *= (MAX_NODE_LOAD*MAX_NUMNODES);
		val += node_load[n];

		if (val < min_val) {
			min_val = val;
			best_node = n;
		}
	}

	if (best_node >= 0)
		node_set(best_node, *used_node_mask);

	return best_node;
}


/*
 * Build zonelists ordered by node and zones within node.
 * This results in maximum locality--normal zone overflows into local
 * DMA zone, if any--but risks exhausting DMA zone.
 */
static void build_zonelists_in_node_order(pg_data_t *pgdat, int node)
{
	enum zone_type i;
	int j;
	struct zonelist *zonelist;

	for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_ZONES; i++) {
		zonelist = pgdat->node_zonelists + i;
		for (j = 0; zonelist->zones[j] != NULL; j++)
			;
 		j = build_zonelists_node(NODE_DATA(node), zonelist, j, i);
		zonelist->zones[j] = NULL;
	}
}

/*
 * Build gfp_thisnode zonelists
 */
static void build_thisnode_zonelists(pg_data_t *pgdat)
{
	enum zone_type i;
	int j;
	struct zonelist *zonelist;

	for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_ZONES; i++) {
		zonelist = pgdat->node_zonelists + MAX_NR_ZONES + i;
		j = build_zonelists_node(pgdat, zonelist, 0, i);
		zonelist->zones[j] = NULL;
	}
}

/*
 * Build zonelists ordered by zone and nodes within zones.
 * This results in conserving DMA zone[s] until all Normal memory is
 * exhausted, but results in overflowing to remote node while memory
 * may still exist in local DMA zone.
 */
static int node_order[MAX_NUMNODES];

static void build_zonelists_in_zone_order(pg_data_t *pgdat, int nr_nodes)
{
	enum zone_type i;
	int pos, j, node;
	int zone_type;		/* needs to be signed */
	struct zone *z;
	struct zonelist *zonelist;

	for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_ZONES; i++) {
		zonelist = pgdat->node_zonelists + i;
		pos = 0;
		for (zone_type = i; zone_type >= 0; zone_type--) {
			for (j = 0; j < nr_nodes; j++) {
				node = node_order[j];
				z = &NODE_DATA(node)->node_zones[zone_type];
				if (populated_zone(z)) {
					zonelist->zones[pos++] = z;
					check_highest_zone(zone_type);
				}
			}
		}
		zonelist->zones[pos] = NULL;
	}
}

static int default_zonelist_order(void)
{
	int nid, zone_type;
	unsigned long low_kmem_size,total_size;
	struct zone *z;
	int average_size;
	/*
         * ZONE_DMA and ZONE_DMA32 can be very small area in the sytem.
	 * If they are really small and used heavily, the system can fall
	 * into OOM very easily.
	 * This function detect ZONE_DMA/DMA32 size and confgigures zone order.
	 */
	/* Is there ZONE_NORMAL ? (ex. ppc has only DMA zone..) */
	low_kmem_size = 0;
	total_size = 0;
	for_each_online_node(nid) {
		for (zone_type = 0; zone_type < MAX_NR_ZONES; zone_type++) {
			z = &NODE_DATA(nid)->node_zones[zone_type];
			if (populated_zone(z)) {
				if (zone_type < ZONE_NORMAL)
					low_kmem_size += z->present_pages;
				total_size += z->present_pages;
			}
		}
	}
	if (!low_kmem_size ||  /* there are no DMA area. */
	    low_kmem_size > total_size/2) /* DMA/DMA32 is big. */
		return ZONELIST_ORDER_NODE;
	/*
	 * look into each node's config.
  	 * If there is a node whose DMA/DMA32 memory is very big area on
 	 * local memory, NODE_ORDER may be suitable.
         */
	average_size = total_size /
				(nodes_weight(node_states[N_HIGH_MEMORY]) + 1);
	for_each_online_node(nid) {
		low_kmem_size = 0;
		total_size = 0;
		for (zone_type = 0; zone_type < MAX_NR_ZONES; zone_type++) {
			z = &NODE_DATA(nid)->node_zones[zone_type];
			if (populated_zone(z)) {
				if (zone_type < ZONE_NORMAL)
					low_kmem_size += z->present_pages;
				total_size += z->present_pages;
			}
		}
		if (low_kmem_size &&
		    total_size > average_size && /* ignore small node */
		    low_kmem_size > total_size * 70/100)
			return ZONELIST_ORDER_NODE;
	}
	return ZONELIST_ORDER_ZONE;
}

static void set_zonelist_order(void)
{
	if (user_zonelist_order == ZONELIST_ORDER_DEFAULT)
		current_zonelist_order = default_zonelist_order();
	else
		current_zonelist_order = user_zonelist_order;
}

static void build_zonelists(pg_data_t *pgdat)
{
	int j, node, load;
	enum zone_type i;
	nodemask_t used_mask;
	int local_node, prev_node;
	struct zonelist *zonelist;
	int order = current_zonelist_order;

	/* initialize zonelists */
	for (i = 0; i < MAX_ZONELISTS; i++) {
		zonelist = pgdat->node_zonelists + i;
		zonelist->zones[0] = NULL;
	}

	/* NUMA-aware ordering of nodes */
	local_node = pgdat->node_id;
	load = num_online_nodes();
	prev_node = local_node;
	nodes_clear(used_mask);

	memset(node_load, 0, sizeof(node_load));
	memset(node_order, 0, sizeof(node_order));
	j = 0;

	while ((node = find_next_best_node(local_node, &used_mask)) >= 0) {
		int distance = node_distance(local_node, node);

		/*
		 * If another node is sufficiently far away then it is better
		 * to reclaim pages in a zone before going off node.
		 */
		if (distance > RECLAIM_DISTANCE)
			zone_reclaim_mode = 1;

		/*
		 * We don't want to pressure a particular node.
		 * So adding penalty to the first node in same
		 * distance group to make it round-robin.
		 */
		if (distance != node_distance(local_node, prev_node))
			node_load[node] = load;

		prev_node = node;
		load--;
		if (order == ZONELIST_ORDER_NODE)
			build_zonelists_in_node_order(pgdat, node);
		else
			node_order[j++] = node;	/* remember order */
	}

	if (order == ZONELIST_ORDER_ZONE) {
		/* calculate node order -- i.e., DMA last! */
		build_zonelists_in_zone_order(pgdat, j);
	}

	build_thisnode_zonelists(pgdat);
}

/* Construct the zonelist performance cache - see further mmzone.h */
static void build_zonelist_cache(pg_data_t *pgdat)
{
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_ZONES; i++) {
		struct zonelist *zonelist;
		struct zonelist_cache *zlc;
		struct zone **z;

		zonelist = pgdat->node_zonelists + i;
		zonelist->zlcache_ptr = zlc = &zonelist->zlcache;
		bitmap_zero(zlc->fullzones, MAX_ZONES_PER_ZONELIST);
		for (z = zonelist->zones; *z; z++)
			zlc->z_to_n[z - zonelist->zones] = zone_to_nid(*z);
	}
}


#else	/* CONFIG_NUMA */

static void set_zonelist_order(void)
{
	current_zonelist_order = ZONELIST_ORDER_ZONE;
}

static void build_zonelists(pg_data_t *pgdat)
{
	int node, local_node;
	enum zone_type i,j;

	local_node = pgdat->node_id;
	for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_ZONES; i++) {
		struct zonelist *zonelist;

		zonelist = pgdat->node_zonelists + i;

 		j = build_zonelists_node(pgdat, zonelist, 0, i);
 		/*
 		 * Now we build the zonelist so that it contains the zones
 		 * of all the other nodes.
 		 * We don't want to pressure a particular node, so when
 		 * building the zones for node N, we make sure that the
 		 * zones coming right after the local ones are those from
 		 * node N+1 (modulo N)
 		 */
		for (node = local_node + 1; node < MAX_NUMNODES; node++) {
			if (!node_online(node))
				continue;
			j = build_zonelists_node(NODE_DATA(node), zonelist, j, i);
		}
		for (node = 0; node < local_node; node++) {
			if (!node_online(node))
				continue;
			j = build_zonelists_node(NODE_DATA(node), zonelist, j, i);
		}

		zonelist->zones[j] = NULL;
	}
}

/* non-NUMA variant of zonelist performance cache - just NULL zlcache_ptr */
static void build_zonelist_cache(pg_data_t *pgdat)
{
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_ZONES; i++)
		pgdat->node_zonelists[i].zlcache_ptr = NULL;
}

#endif	/* CONFIG_NUMA */

/* return values int ....just for stop_machine_run() */
static int __build_all_zonelists(void *dummy)
{
	int nid;

	for_each_online_node(nid) {
		pg_data_t *pgdat = NODE_DATA(nid);

		build_zonelists(pgdat);
		build_zonelist_cache(pgdat);
	}
	return 0;
}

void build_all_zonelists(void)
{
	set_zonelist_order();

	if (system_state == SYSTEM_BOOTING) {
		__build_all_zonelists(NULL);
		cpuset_init_current_mems_allowed();
	} else {
		/* we have to stop all cpus to guaranntee there is no user
		   of zonelist */
		stop_machine_run(__build_all_zonelists, NULL, NR_CPUS);
		/* cpuset refresh routine should be here */
	}
	vm_total_pages = nr_free_pagecache_pages();
	/*
	 * Disable grouping by mobility if the number of pages in the
	 * system is too low to allow the mechanism to work. It would be
	 * more accurate, but expensive to check per-zone. This check is
	 * made on memory-hotadd so a system can start with mobility
	 * disabled and enable it later
	 */
	if (vm_total_pages < (MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES * MIGRATE_TYPES))
		page_group_by_mobility_disabled = 1;
	else
		page_group_by_mobility_disabled = 0;

	printk("Built %i zonelists in %s order, mobility grouping %s.  "
		"Total pages: %ld\n",
			num_online_nodes(),
			zonelist_order_name[current_zonelist_order],
			page_group_by_mobility_disabled ? "off" : "on",
			vm_total_pages);
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
	printk("Policy zone: %s\n", zone_names[policy_zone]);
#endif
}

/*
 * Helper functions to size the waitqueue hash table.
 * Essentially these want to choose hash table sizes sufficiently
 * large so that collisions trying to wait on pages are rare.
 * But in fact, the number of active page waitqueues on typical
 * systems is ridiculously low, less than 200. So this is even
 * conservative, even though it seems large.
 *
 * The constant PAGES_PER_WAITQUEUE specifies the ratio of pages to
 * waitqueues, i.e. the size of the waitq table given the number of pages.
 */
#define PAGES_PER_WAITQUEUE	256

#ifndef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
static inline unsigned long wait_table_hash_nr_entries(unsigned long pages)
{
	unsigned long size = 1;

	pages /= PAGES_PER_WAITQUEUE;

	while (size < pages)
		size <<= 1;

	/*
	 * Once we have dozens or even hundreds of threads sleeping
	 * on IO we've got bigger problems than wait queue collision.
	 * Limit the size of the wait table to a reasonable size.
	 */
	size = min(size, 4096UL);

	return max(size, 4UL);
}
#else
/*
 * A zone's size might be changed by hot-add, so it is not possible to determine
 * a suitable size for its wait_table.  So we use the maximum size now.
 *
 * The max wait table size = 4096 x sizeof(wait_queue_head_t).   ie:
 *
 *    i386 (preemption config)    : 4096 x 16 = 64Kbyte.
 *    ia64, x86-64 (no preemption): 4096 x 20 = 80Kbyte.
 *    ia64, x86-64 (preemption)   : 4096 x 24 = 96Kbyte.
 *
 * The maximum entries are prepared when a zone's memory is (512K + 256) pages
 * or more by the traditional way. (See above).  It equals:
 *
 *    i386, x86-64, powerpc(4K page size) : =  ( 2G + 1M)byte.
 *    ia64(16K page size)                 : =  ( 8G + 4M)byte.
 *    powerpc (64K page size)             : =  (32G +16M)byte.
 */
static inline unsigned long wait_table_hash_nr_entries(unsigned long pages)
{
	return 4096UL;
}
#endif

/*
 * This is an integer logarithm so that shifts can be used later
 * to extract the more random high bits from the multiplicative
 * hash function before the remainder is taken.
 */
static inline unsigned long wait_table_bits(unsigned long size)
{
	return ffz(~size);
}

#define LONG_ALIGN(x) (((x)+(sizeof(long))-1)&~((sizeof(long))-1))

/*
 * Mark a number of MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES blocks as MIGRATE_RESERVE. The number
 * of blocks reserved is based on zone->pages_min. The memory within the
 * reserve will tend to store contiguous free pages. Setting min_free_kbytes
 * higher will lead to a bigger reserve which will get freed as contiguous
 * blocks as reclaim kicks in
 */
static void setup_zone_migrate_reserve(struct zone *zone)
{
	unsigned long start_pfn, pfn, end_pfn;
	struct page *page;
	unsigned long reserve, block_migratetype;

	/* Get the start pfn, end pfn and the number of blocks to reserve */
	start_pfn = zone->zone_start_pfn;
	end_pfn = start_pfn + zone->spanned_pages;
	reserve = roundup(zone->pages_min, MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES) >> (MAX_ORDER-1);

	for (pfn = start_pfn; pfn < end_pfn; pfn += MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES) {
		if (!pfn_valid(pfn))
			continue;
		page = pfn_to_page(pfn);

		/* Blocks with reserved pages will never free, skip them. */
		if (PageReserved(page))
			continue;

		block_migratetype = get_pageblock_migratetype(page);

		/* If this block is reserved, account for it */
		if (reserve > 0 && block_migratetype == MIGRATE_RESERVE) {
			reserve--;
			continue;
		}

		/* Suitable for reserving if this block is movable */
		if (reserve > 0 && block_migratetype == MIGRATE_MOVABLE) {
			set_pageblock_migratetype(page, MIGRATE_RESERVE);
			move_freepages_block(zone, page, MIGRATE_RESERVE);
			reserve--;
			continue;
		}

		/*
		 * If the reserve is met and this is a previous reserved block,
		 * take it back
		 */
		if (block_migratetype == MIGRATE_RESERVE) {
			set_pageblock_migratetype(page, MIGRATE_MOVABLE);
			move_freepages_block(zone, page, MIGRATE_MOVABLE);
		}
	}
}

/*
 * Initially all pages are reserved - free ones are freed
 * up by free_all_bootmem() once the early boot process is
 * done. Non-atomic initialization, single-pass.
 */
void __meminit memmap_init_zone(unsigned long size, int nid, unsigned long zone,
		unsigned long start_pfn, enum memmap_context context)
{
	struct page *page;
	unsigned long end_pfn = start_pfn + size;
	unsigned long pfn;

	for (pfn = start_pfn; pfn < end_pfn; pfn++) {
		/*
		 * There can be holes in boot-time mem_map[]s
		 * handed to this function.  They do not
		 * exist on hotplugged memory.
		 */
		if (context == MEMMAP_EARLY) {
			if (!early_pfn_valid(pfn))
				continue;
			if (!early_pfn_in_nid(pfn, nid))
				continue;
		}
		page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
		set_page_links(page, zone, nid, pfn);
		init_page_count(page);
		reset_page_mapcount(page);
		SetPageReserved(page);

		/*
		 * Mark the block movable so that blocks are reserved for
		 * movable at startup. This will force kernel allocations
		 * to reserve their blocks rather than leaking throughout
		 * the address space during boot when many long-lived
		 * kernel allocations are made. Later some blocks near
		 * the start are marked MIGRATE_RESERVE by
		 * setup_zone_migrate_reserve()
		 */
		if ((pfn & (MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES-1)))
			set_pageblock_migratetype(page, MIGRATE_MOVABLE);

		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&page->lru);
#ifdef WANT_PAGE_VIRTUAL
		/* The shift won't overflow because ZONE_NORMAL is below 4G. */
		if (!is_highmem_idx(zone))
			set_page_address(page, __va(pfn << PAGE_SHIFT));
#endif
	}
}

static void __meminit zone_init_free_lists(struct pglist_data *pgdat,
				struct zone *zone, unsigned long size)
{
	int order, t;
	for_each_migratetype_order(order, t) {
		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&zone->free_area[order].free_list[t]);
		zone->free_area[order].nr_free = 0;
	}
}

#ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_MEMMAP_INIT
#define memmap_init(size, nid, zone, start_pfn) \
	memmap_init_zone((size), (nid), (zone), (start_pfn), MEMMAP_EARLY)
#endif

static int __devinit zone_batchsize(struct zone *zone)
{
	int batch;

	/*
	 * The per-cpu-pages pools are set to around 1000th of the
	 * size of the zone.  But no more than 1/2 of a meg.
	 *
	 * OK, so we don't know how big the cache is.  So guess.
	 */
	batch = zone->present_pages / 1024;
	if (batch * PAGE_SIZE > 512 * 1024)
		batch = (512 * 1024) / PAGE_SIZE;
	batch /= 4;		/* We effectively *= 4 below */
	if (batch < 1)
		batch = 1;

	/*
	 * Clamp the batch to a 2^n - 1 value. Having a power
	 * of 2 value was found to be more likely to have
	 * suboptimal cache aliasing properties in some cases.
	 *
	 * For example if 2 tasks are alternately allocating
	 * batches of pages, one task can end up with a lot
	 * of pages of one half of the possible page colors
	 * and the other with pages of the other colors.
	 */
	batch = (1 << (fls(batch + batch/2)-1)) - 1;

	return batch;
}

inline void setup_pageset(struct per_cpu_pageset *p, unsigned long batch)
{
	struct per_cpu_pages *pcp;

	memset(p, 0, sizeof(*p));

	pcp = &p->pcp[0];		/* hot */
	pcp->count = 0;
	pcp->high = 6 * batch;
	pcp->batch = max(1UL, 1 * batch);
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&pcp->list);

	pcp = &p->pcp[1];		/* cold*/
	pcp->count = 0;
	pcp->high = 2 * batch;
	pcp->batch = max(1UL, batch/2);
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&pcp->list);
}

/*
 * setup_pagelist_highmark() sets the high water mark for hot per_cpu_pagelist
 * to the value high for the pageset p.
 */

static void setup_pagelist_highmark(struct per_cpu_pageset *p,
				unsigned long high)
{
	struct per_cpu_pages *pcp;

	pcp = &p->pcp[0]; /* hot list */
	pcp->high = high;
	pcp->batch = max(1UL, high/4);
	if ((high/4) > (PAGE_SHIFT * 8))
		pcp->batch = PAGE_SHIFT * 8;
}


#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
/*
 * Boot pageset table. One per cpu which is going to be used for all
 * zones and all nodes. The parameters will be set in such a way
 * that an item put on a list will immediately be handed over to
 * the buddy list. This is safe since pageset manipulation is done
 * with interrupts disabled.
 *
 * Some NUMA counter updates may also be caught by the boot pagesets.
 *
 * The boot_pagesets must be kept even after bootup is complete for
 * unused processors and/or zones. They do play a role for bootstrapping
 * hotplugged processors.
 *
 * zoneinfo_show() and maybe other functions do
 * not check if the processor is online before following the pageset pointer.
 * Other parts of the kernel may not check if the zone is available.
 */
static struct per_cpu_pageset boot_pageset[NR_CPUS];

/*
 * Dynamically allocate memory for the
 * per cpu pageset array in struct zone.
 */
static int __cpuinit process_zones(int cpu)
{
	struct zone *zone, *dzone;
	int node = cpu_to_node(cpu);

	node_set_state(node, N_CPU);	/* this node has a cpu */

	for_each_zone(zone) {

		if (!populated_zone(zone))
			continue;

		zone_pcp(zone, cpu) = kmalloc_node(sizeof(struct per_cpu_pageset),
					 GFP_KERNEL, node);
		if (!zone_pcp(zone, cpu))
			goto bad;

		setup_pageset(zone_pcp(zone, cpu), zone_batchsize(zone));

		if (percpu_pagelist_fraction)
			setup_pagelist_highmark(zone_pcp(zone, cpu),
			 	(zone->present_pages / percpu_pagelist_fraction));
	}

	return 0;
bad:
	for_each_zone(dzone) {
		if (!populated_zone(dzone))
			continue;
		if (dzone == zone)
			break;
		kfree(zone_pcp(dzone, cpu));
		zone_pcp(dzone, cpu) = NULL;
	}
	return -ENOMEM;
}

static inline void free_zone_pagesets(int cpu)
{
	struct zone *zone;

	for_each_zone(zone) {
		struct per_cpu_pageset *pset = zone_pcp(zone, cpu);

		/* Free per_cpu_pageset if it is slab allocated */
		if (pset != &boot_pageset[cpu])
			kfree(pset);
		zone_pcp(zone, cpu) = NULL;
	}
}

static int __cpuinit pageset_cpuup_callback(struct notifier_block *nfb,
		unsigned long action,
		void *hcpu)
{
	int cpu = (long)hcpu;
	int ret = NOTIFY_OK;

	switch (action) {
	case CPU_UP_PREPARE:
	case CPU_UP_PREPARE_FROZEN:
		if (process_zones(cpu))
			ret = NOTIFY_BAD;
		break;
	case CPU_UP_CANCELED:
	case CPU_UP_CANCELED_FROZEN:
	case CPU_DEAD:
	case CPU_DEAD_FROZEN:
		free_zone_pagesets(cpu);
		break;
	default:
		break;
	}
	return ret;
}

static struct notifier_block __cpuinitdata pageset_notifier =
	{ &pageset_cpuup_callback, NULL, 0 };

void __init setup_per_cpu_pageset(void)
{
	int err;

	/* Initialize per_cpu_pageset for cpu 0.
	 * A cpuup callback will do this for every cpu
	 * as it comes online
	 */
	err = process_zones(smp_processor_id());
	BUG_ON(err);
	register_cpu_notifier(&pageset_notifier);
}

#endif

static noinline __init_refok
int zone_wait_table_init(struct zone *zone, unsigned long zone_size_pages)
{
	int i;
	struct pglist_data *pgdat = zone->zone_pgdat;
	size_t alloc_size;

	/*
	 * The per-page waitqueue mechanism uses hashed waitqueues
	 * per zone.
	 */
	zone->wait_table_hash_nr_entries =
		 wait_table_hash_nr_entries(zone_size_pages);
	zone->wait_table_bits =
		wait_table_bits(zone->wait_table_hash_nr_entries);
	alloc_size = zone->wait_table_hash_nr_entries
					* sizeof(wait_queue_head_t);

 	if (system_state == SYSTEM_BOOTING) {
		zone->wait_table = (wait_queue_head_t *)
			alloc_bootmem_node(pgdat, alloc_size);
	} else {
		/*
		 * This case means that a zone whose size was 0 gets new memory
		 * via memory hot-add.
		 * But it may be the case that a new node was hot-added.  In
		 * this case vmalloc() will not be able to use this new node's
		 * memory - this wait_table must be initialized to use this new
		 * node itself as well.
		 * To use this new node's memory, further consideration will be
		 * necessary.
		 */
		zone->wait_table = vmalloc(alloc_size);
	}
	if (!zone->wait_table)
		return -ENOMEM;

	for(i = 0; i < zone->wait_table_hash_nr_entries; ++i)
		init_waitqueue_head(zone->wait_table + i);

	return 0;
}

static __meminit void zone_pcp_init(struct zone *zone)
{
	int cpu;
	unsigned long batch = zone_batchsize(zone);

	for (cpu = 0; cpu < NR_CPUS; cpu++) {
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
		/* Early boot. Slab allocator not functional yet */
		zone_pcp(zone, cpu) = &boot_pageset[cpu];
		setup_pageset(&boot_pageset[cpu],0);
#else
		setup_pageset(zone_pcp(zone,cpu), batch);
#endif
	}
	if (zone->present_pages)
		printk(KERN_DEBUG "  %s zone: %lu pages, LIFO batch:%lu\n",
			zone->name, zone->present_pages, batch);
}

__meminit int init_currently_empty_zone(struct zone *zone,
					unsigned long zone_start_pfn,
					unsigned long size,
					enum memmap_context context)
{
	struct pglist_data *pgdat = zone->zone_pgdat;
	int ret;
	ret = zone_wait_table_init(zone, size);
	if (ret)
		return ret;
	pgdat->nr_zones = zone_idx(zone) + 1;

	zone->zone_start_pfn = zone_start_pfn;

	memmap_init(size, pgdat->node_id, zone_idx(zone), zone_start_pfn);

	zone_init_free_lists(pgdat, zone, zone->spanned_pages);

	return 0;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_POPULATES_NODE_MAP
/*
 * Basic iterator support. Return the first range of PFNs for a node
 * Note: nid == MAX_NUMNODES returns first region regardless of node
 */
static int __meminit first_active_region_index_in_nid(int nid)
{
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < nr_nodemap_entries; i++)
		if (nid == MAX_NUMNODES || early_node_map[i].nid == nid)
			return i;

	return -1;
}

/*
 * Basic iterator support. Return the next active range of PFNs for a node
 * Note: nid == MAX_NUMNODES returns next region regardles of node
 */
static int __meminit next_active_region_index_in_nid(int index, int nid)
{
	for (index = index + 1; index < nr_nodemap_entries; index++)
		if (nid == MAX_NUMNODES || early_node_map[index].nid == nid)
			return index;

	return -1;
}

#ifndef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_EARLY_PFN_TO_NID
/*
 * Required by SPARSEMEM. Given a PFN, return what node the PFN is on.
 * Architectures may implement their own version but if add_active_range()
 * was used and there are no special requirements, this is a convenient
 * alternative
 */
int __meminit early_pfn_to_nid(unsigned long pfn)
{
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < nr_nodemap_entries; i++) {
		unsigned long start_pfn = early_node_map[i].start_pfn;
		unsigned long end_pfn = early_node_map[i].end_pfn;

		if (start_pfn <= pfn && pfn < end_pfn)
			return early_node_map[i].nid;
	}

	return 0;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_EARLY_PFN_TO_NID */

/* Basic iterator support to walk early_node_map[] */
#define for_each_active_range_index_in_nid(i, nid) \
	for (i = first_active_region_index_in_nid(nid); i != -1; \
				i = next_active_region_index_in_nid(i, nid))

/**
 * free_bootmem_with_active_regions - Call free_bootmem_node for each active range
 * @nid: The node to free memory on. If MAX_NUMNODES, all nodes are freed.
 * @max_low_pfn: The highest PFN that will be passed to free_bootmem_node
 *
 * If an architecture guarantees that all ranges registered with
 * add_active_ranges() contain no holes and may be freed, this
 * this function may be used instead of calling free_bootmem() manually.
 */
void __init free_bootmem_with_active_regions(int nid,
						unsigned long max_low_pfn)
{
	int i;

	for_each_active_range_index_in_nid(i, nid) {
		unsigned long size_pages = 0;
		unsigned long end_pfn = early_node_map[i].end_pfn;

		if (early_node_map[i].start_pfn >= max_low_pfn)
			continue;

		if (end_pfn > max_low_pfn)
			end_pfn = max_low_pfn;

		size_pages = end_pfn - early_node_map[i].start_pfn;
		free_bootmem_node(NODE_DATA(early_node_map[i].nid),
				PFN_PHYS(early_node_map[i].start_pfn),
				size_pages << PAGE_SHIFT);
	}
}

/**
 * sparse_memory_present_with_active_regions - Call memory_present for each active range
 * @nid: The node to call memory_present for. If MAX_NUMNODES, all nodes will be used.
 *
 * If an architecture guarantees that all ranges registered with
 * add_active_ranges() contain no holes and may be freed, this
 * function may be used instead of calling memory_present() manually.
 */
void __init sparse_memory_present_with_active_regions(int nid)
{
	int i;

	for_each_active_range_index_in_nid(i, nid)
		memory_present(early_node_map[i].nid,
				early_node_map[i].start_pfn,
				early_node_map[i].end_pfn);
}

/**
 * push_node_boundaries - Push node boundaries to at least the requested boundary
 * @nid: The nid of the node to push the boundary for
 * @start_pfn: The start pfn of the node
 * @end_pfn: The end pfn of the node
 *
 * In reserve-based hot-add, mem_map is allocated that is unused until hotadd
 * time. Specifically, on x86_64, SRAT will report ranges that can potentially
 * be hotplugged even though no physical memory exists. This function allows
 * an arch to push out the node boundaries so mem_map is allocated that can
 * be used later.
 */
#ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG_RESERVE
void __init push_node_boundaries(unsigned int nid,
		unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn)
{
	printk(KERN_DEBUG "Entering push_node_boundaries(%u, %lu, %lu)\n",
			nid, start_pfn, end_pfn);

	/* Initialise the boundary for this node if necessary */
	if (node_boundary_end_pfn[nid] == 0)
		node_boundary_start_pfn[nid] = -1UL;

	/* Update the boundaries */
	if (node_boundary_start_pfn[nid] > start_pfn)
		node_boundary_start_pfn[nid] = start_pfn;
	if (node_boundary_end_pfn[nid] < end_pfn)
		node_boundary_end_pfn[nid] = end_pfn;
}

/* If necessary, push the node boundary out for reserve hotadd */
static void __meminit account_node_boundary(unsigned int nid,
		unsigned long *start_pfn, unsigned long *end_pfn)